A influência da educação e da complexidade laboral no desempenho cognitivo de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i1.2194Palavras-chave:
idosos, complexidade laboral, declínio cognitivo leve, educação, desempenho cognitivoResumo
O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o peso relativo da educação e da complexidade laboral na determinação do desempenho cognitivo de sujeitos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL). Foram avaliados 80 sujeitos com CCL, com os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de dados demográficos e sociais, questionário de direcionamento da atividade laboral e uma bateria neuropsicológica ampliada: memória (Memória lógica Signoret Bateria, TAVEC), atenção (Digit span, TMTA), linguagem (Vocabulário WAIS III, Teste de denominação de Boston, fluência verbal), funções executivas (TMTB, analogias WAIS III, raciocínio matricial WAIS III) e construção visual (cubos WAIS III). Os resultados mostram que a complexidade laboral tem um peso maior que a educação na cognição, como no vocabulário, na flexibilidade cognitiva e nas habilidades visual-construtivas. A educação tem mais peso no raciocínio abstrato e na atenção sustentada. A complexidade ocupacional e a educação desempenham um papel diferencial e importante na manutenção das habilidades cognitivas, sendo fatores que amenizam o declínio cognitivo no envelhecimento.
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Referências
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Katz, S. (1983). Assessing self-maintenance: Activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 31(12), 721–727. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x
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Lawton, M. P. & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 9(3), 179-186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_part_1.179
Leis, A., Allegri, R., Roman, F., Iturry, M., Crotti, B., Gatto, E., & Rojas, G. J. (2018). Datos normativos de la versión argentina de la batería de eficacia mnésica Signoret (BEM 144) para ser aplicados en la evaluación neurocognitiva. Neurología Argentina, 10(3), 127-136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuarg.2018.04.002
Margulis, L. E., Louhau, M. R. S., & Ferreres, A. R. (2018). Baremo del Trail Making Test para Capital Federal y Gran Buenos Aires. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 10(3), 54-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v10.n3.19741
Meng, X., & D’Arcy, C. (2012). Education and dementia in the context of the cognitive reserve hypothesis: A systematic review with meta-analyses and qualitative analyses. Plos One, 7(6), 382-445. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038268
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2012). Demencias. Ginebra: OMS Ediciones.
Peláez, E., Monteverde, M., & Acosta, L. (2017). Celebrar el envejecimiento poblacional en argentina. Desafíos para la formulación de políticas. SaberEs, 9(1).
Petersen, R. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of internal medicine, 256(3), 183-194. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x
Petersen, R. C., Doody, R., Kurz., A., Mohs, R. C., Morris, J. C. & Rabins, P. V. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 58, 1985-1992. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of neurology, 56(3), 303-308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.3.303
Phillips, C. (2017). Lifestyle modulators of neuroplasticity: how physical activity, mental engagement, and diet promote cognitive health during aging. Neural plasticity, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3589271
Pool, L. R., Weuve, J., Wilson, R. S., Bültmann, U., Evans, D. A., & De Leon, C. F. M. (2016). Occupational cognitive requirements and late-life cognitive aging. Neurology, 86(15), 1386-1392. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000002569
Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indication of organic brain damage. Perception Motor Skills, 8(3), 271-275. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.8.7.271-276
Roldán-Tapia, L., García, J., Cánovas, R., & León, I. (2012). Cognitive reserve, age, and their relation to attentional and executive functions. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 19(1), 2-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2011.595458
Sanchez Contreras, M., Moreno Gómez G. A. & García Ortíz, L. H. (2010) Deterioro cognitivo, nivel educativo y ocupación en una población de una clínica de memoria. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 39(2), 347-361. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-7450(14)60255-9
Signoret, J. L. & Whiteley, A (1979). Memory battery scale. International Neuropsychology Society Buletin, 2, 2-26.
Smart, E. L., Gow, A. J., & Deary, I. J. (2014). Occupational complexity and lifetime cognitive abilities. Neurology, 83(24), 2285-2291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001075
Spreen, O. & Benton, A. (1977). Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia. Victoria, British Columbia: University of Victoria Neuropsychology Laboratory.
Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(3), 448-460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617702813248
Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 47(10), 2015-2028. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
Stern, Y. (2012). Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet Neurology, 11(11), 1006-1012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70191-6
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Publicado
2020-06-04
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Feldberg, C., Stefani, D. ., Tartaglini, M. F. ., Hermida , P. D. ., Moya García , L. ., Somale, V. . ., & Allegri, R. . . (2020). A influência da educação e da complexidade laboral no desempenho cognitivo de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Ciencias Psicológicas, 14(1), e-2194. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i1.2194
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