¿La deliberación mejora las competencias cívicas en adolescentes? Revisión sistemática de experimentos deliberativos

Ana Laura Ottobre Aichino; María Julia Hermida; Daniela Alonso; Silvina Brussino

doi:10.22235/cp.v18i1.3551

Autores/as

Ana Laura Ottobre Aichino Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Conicet https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3448-1217
María Julia Hermida Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; Conicet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-7864
Daniela Alonso Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Conicet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-9571
Silvina Brussino Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Conicet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-644X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i1.3551

Palabras clave:

deliberación, competencias cívicas, adolescentes, psicología experimental

Resumen

El proceso de deliberación fomenta la participación de la ciudadanía al incrementar las competencias cívicas, como el conocimiento y el interés político, la calidad argumentativa y deliberativa, los niveles de cercanía con lo político y la tolerancia al desacuerdo. Sin embargo, ¿es esto realmente así? ¿Cuáles son las competencias cívicas que efectivamente se modifican luego de la participación en un proceso deliberativo? Aunque se ha investigado ampliamente a personas adultas, hay pocos estudios en la adolescencia, etapa crucial para el desarrollo de competencias cívicas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el método PRISMA para examinar los efectos de la participación de adolescentes en la deliberación sobre sus competencias cívicas. Se encontraron 252 artículos, mas solo cinco corresponden a ensayos experimentales y por ello fueron incluidos en la presente revisión. Los resultados indicaron que hay evidencia de que la deliberación tiene efectos positivos sobre las competencias cívicas de las/os adolescentes. Aun así, los efectos reportados son más pequeños en los estudios con mayor tamaño muestral y en un estudio no se encontraron efectos. Entonces, si bien hay indicios de que la deliberación puede mejorar las competencias cívicas en adolescentes, esta mejora sería pequeña y solo algunos tipos de intervenciones la producirían.

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