A deliberação melhora as competências cívicas em adolescentes? Uma revisão sistemática de experimentos deliberativos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i1.3551Palavras-chave:
deliberação, competências cívicas, adolescentes, psicologia experimentalResumo
O processo de deliberação promove a participação cidadã ao incrementar competências cívicas como o conhecimento e o interesse político, a qualidade argumentativa e deliberativa, os níveis de envolvimento político e a tolerância ao desacordo. No entanto, isso é realmente assim? Quais competências cívicas são efetivamente modificadas após a participação em um processo deliberativo? Embora se tenha investigado amplamente em adultos, há poucos estudos sobre a adolescência, uma fase crucial para o desenvolvimento de competências cívicas. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo o método PRISMA para examinar os efeitos da participação de adolescentes na deliberação sobre suas competências cívicas. Foram identificados 252 artigos, mas apenas cinco correspondiam a ensaios experimentais e, portanto, foram incluídos na presente revisão. Os resultados indicaram que há evidências de que a deliberação tem efeitos positivos nas competências cívicas dos adolescentes. No entanto, os efeitos relatados são menores em estudos com amostras maiores, e um estudo não encontrou efeitos. Portanto, embora haja indícios de que a deliberação possa aprimorar as competências cívicas em adolescentes, esse aprimoramento seria modesto, e apenas determinados tipos de intervenções o produziriam.
Downloads
Referências
Abelson, J., Eyles, J., McLeod, C. B., Collins, P., McMullan, C. & Forest, P. G. (2002). Does deliberation make a difference? Results from a citizens panel study of health goals priority setting. Health Policy, 66(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(03)00048-4
Amna, E. (2012). How is civic engagement developed over time? Emerging answers from a multidisciplinary field. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 611-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.04.011
Andersen, V. N., & Hansen, K. M. (2007). How deliberation makes better citizens: The Danish Deliberative Poll on the euro. European Journal of Political Research, (46), 531-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2007.00699.x
Avery, P. G., Levy, S. A., & Simmons, A. M. (2013). Deliberating controversial public issues as part of civic education. The Social Studies, 104(3), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2012.691571
Broome, M. E. (2006). Integrative literature reviews for the development of concepts. En Rodgers, B. L., & Castro, A., Revisão sistemática e meta-análise.
Bruno, D., & Barreiro, A. (2021). Cognitive polyphasia, social representations and political participation in adolescents. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science (55), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-020-09521-8
Brussino, S., Sorribas, P., Rabbia, H., y Medrano, L. (2006). Informe investigación. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
Burkhalter, S. (2002). A conceptual definition and theoretical model of public deliberation in small face-to-face groups. Communication Theory, 12(4), 375-486. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/12.4.398
Carlson, M., Brennan, R. T., & Earls, F. (2012). Enhancing adolescent self-efficacy and collective efficacy through public engagement around HIV/AIDS competence: A multilevel, cluster randomized-controlled trial. Social Science & Medicine, (75), 1078-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.035
Chung, M. L., Fung, K., Chiu, E., & Liu, C. L. (2021). Toward a rational civil society: deliberative thinking, civic participation, and self-efficacy among Taiwanese young adults. Political Studies Review, 20(4), 608-629. https://doi.org/10.1177/14789299211024440
Claes, E., Maurissen, L., & Havermans, N. (2017). Let’s talk politics: Which individual and classroom compositional characteristics matter in classroom discussions? Young, 25(4), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308816673264
Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2a ed.). Erlbaum.
Crocco, M. S., Segall, A., Halvorsen, A. L. S., & Jacobsen, R. J. (2018). Deliberating public policy issues with adolescents: Classroom dynamics and sociocultural considerations. Democracy and Education, 26(1), 3.
Dewey, J. (1916/1980). Democracy and education. En J. A. Boydston (Ed.), The middle works (Vol. 9, pp. 1899-1924). Southern Illinois University Press.
Edwards, S. (2005). National Issues Forums: An alternative to promote students' civic development and community service. Northern Illinois University.
Eränpalo, T. (2014). Exploring Young People's Civic Identities through Gamification: a case study of Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian adolescents playing a social simulation game. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 13(2), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.2304/csee.2014.13.2.104
Fearon, J. D. (1998). Deliberation as discussion. En J. Elster (Ed.), Deliberative democracy (pp. 44–68). Cambridge University Press.
Fishkin, J., Siu, A., Diamond, L., & Bradburn, N. (2021). Is deliberation an antidote to extreme partisan polarization? Reflections on “America in One Room”. American Political Science Review, 115(4), 1464-1481. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000642
Flanagan, C. (2003). Developmental roots of political engagement. Political Science and Politics, 2, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909650300218X
Flanagan, C., & Faison, N. (2001). Youth civic development: Implications of research for social policy and programs. Social Policy Report, 15(3), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/e640322011-002
Gallego, D. (2017). Competencias ciudadanas y educación ciudadana. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 74(1), 87-106.
Gastil, J. (2018). The lessons and limitations of experiments in democratic deliberation. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 14(1), 271-291. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113639
Geijsel, F., Ledoux, G., Reumerman, R., & Ten Dam, G. (2012). Citizenship in young people's daily lives: differences in citizenship competences of adolescents in the Netherlands. Journal of Youth Studies, 15(6), 711-729. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.671932
Gibbs, N. P., Bartlett, T., & Schugurensky, D. (2021). Does school participatory budgeting increase students’ political efficacy? Bandura’s ‘sources’, civic pedagogy, and education for democracy. Curriculum and Teaching, 36(1), 5-27. https://doi.org/10.7459/ct/36.1.02
Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms. MIT Press.
Hernández C., A. (1996). Familia y adolescencia: Indicadores de salud. En W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud & Programa de Salud Integral del Adolescente (Eds.), Manual de aplicación de instrumentos. Coordinación Familia y Población, División de Promoción y Protección de la Salud.
Hoskins, B., Janmaat, J. G., & Villalba, E. (2012). Learning citizenship through social participation outside and inside school: An international, multilevel study of young people’s learning of citizenship. British educational research journal, 38(3), 419-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.550271
Imhoff, D., & Brussino, S. (2017). Socialización política: la dialéctica relación entre individuo y sociedad. En Brussino, S. (Comp.), Políticamente, contribuciones desde la psicología política en Argentina (pp. 37-70). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. https://rdu.unc.edu.ar/handle/11086/4910
Journell, W. (2010). Standardizing citizenship: The potential influence of state curriculum standards on the civic development of adolescents. PS: Political Science & Politics, 43(2), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096510000272
Kahne, J., & Sporte, S. E. (2008). Developing citizens: The impact of civic learning opportunities on students' commitment to civic participation. American Educational Research Journal, 45(3), 738-766. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831208321459
Knobloch, K., (2022). Listening to the public: An inductive analysis of the good citizen in a deliberative system. Journal of Deliberative Democracy, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.16997/10.16997/jdd.955
Lee, F. L. (2012). Does discussion with disagreement discourage all types of political participation? Survey evidence from Hong Kong. Communication Research, 39(4), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211398356
Levine, P. (2008). A Public Voice for Youth: The Audience Problem in Digital Media and Civic Education. En W. Lance Bennett (Ed.), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning (pp. 119-138). The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1162/dmal.9780262524827.119
Levine, P. (2018). Deliberation or Simulated Deliberation? Democracy & Education, 26(1), Article 7. https://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol26/iss1/7
Malaguzzi, L. (2001). Educación Infantil en Reggio Emilia. Octaedro.
Marina, J. A. (2011). El cerebro infantil: la gran oportunidad. Ariel.
Maurissen, L., Claes, E., & Barber, C. (2018). Deliberation in citizenship education: how the school context contributes to the development of an open classroom climate. Social Psychology of Education, 21(4), 951-972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9449-7
McDevitt, M. J & Kiousis, S. (2006). Experiments in Political Socialization: Kids Voting USA as a Model for Civic Education Reform [CIRCLE working paper 49]. Center of Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement.
McDevitt, M. J., & Caton-Rosser, M. S. (2009). Deliberative barbarians: Reconciling the civic and the agonistic in democratic education. InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 5(2).
McIntosh, H. (2006). The Development of Active Citizenship in Youth. The Catholic University of America.
Medina, J. L., & Pérez, M. J. (2017). La construcción del conocimiento en el proceso de aprender a ser profesor: la visión de los protagonistas. Profesorado. Revista de Currículum y Formación de Profesorado, 21(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v21i1.10350
Mercier, H. (2016). The argumentative theory: Predictions and empirical evidence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 689-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.07.001
Metzger, A., Flanagan, C., & Syvertsen, A. K. (2013). Young citizens and civic learning: Two paradigms of citizenship in the digital age. Citizenship Studies, 17(2), 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.765542
Miklikowska, M., Rekker, R., & Kudrnac, A. (2022). A little more conversation a little less prejudice: The role of classroom political discussions for youth’s attitudes toward immigrants. Political Communication, 39(3), 405-427. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2022.2032502
Millán, J. B. (1995). La construcción de los universos políticos de los ciudadanos. En Sociedad y política: temas de sociología política (pp. 227-268). Alianza.
Min, S.-J. (2014). On the westerness of deliberation research. Journal of Deliberative Democracy, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.16997/jdd.207
Moher, D., Tetzlaff, J., Tricco, A. C., Sampson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2007). Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews. PLoS Med., 4, e78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0468-9
Mühlberger, P. (2018). Stealth democracy: authoritarianism and democratic deliberation. Journal of Public Deliberation, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.16997/jdd.309
Muñiz, C., Téllez, N. M., & Saldierna, A. R. (2017). La sofisticación política como mediadora en la relación entre el consumo de medios y la participación ciudadana: Evidencia desde el modelo OSROR. Comunicación y Sociedad, 30(3), 255-274. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.30.35776
Muñoz, A. (2010). Psicología del desarrollo en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Pirámide.
Muradova, L., (2020). The challenges of experimenting with citizen deliberation in laboratory settings. En Sage Research Methods Cases Part 1. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529707359
Niemi, R. G., & Chapman, C. (1998). The Civic Development of 9th Through 12th Grade Students in the United States: 1996. National Center for Education Statistics.
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2015). Does correcting myths about the flu vaccine work? An experimental evaluation of the effects of corrective information. Vaccine, 33(3), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.017
Oller Sala, M. D. (2008). Socialización y formación política en la democracia española. Iglesia viva: revista de pensamiento cristiano, (234), 7-34.
Oosterwaal, A., & Op't Eynde, P. (2017). Enhancing civic engagement in adolescence: A systematic review of interventions. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(8), 1572-1592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0685-5
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2021.07.010
Persson, M.; Andersson, K; Zetterberg, P; Ekman, J. & Lundin, S. (2019). Does deliberative education increase civic competence? Results from a field experiment. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1017/XPS.2019.29
Pfaff, N. (2009). Youth culture as a context of political learning. How young people politicize amongst each other. Young, 17(2), 167-189. https://doi.org/10.1177/110330880901700204
Quintelier, E., & Hooghe, M. (2013). The relationship between political participation intentions of adolescents and a participatory democratic climate at school in 35 countries. Oxford Review of Education, 39(5), 567-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2013.830097
Sampaio, T., & Siqueira, M. (2013). Impacto da educação cívica sobre o conhecimento político: a experiência do programa Parlamento Jovem de Minas Gerais. Opinão Pública, Campinas, 19(2), 380-402. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-62762013000200006
Sanjuan, R., & Mantas, E. M. (2022). The effects of controversial classroom debates on political interest: An experimental approach. Journal of Political Science Education, 18(3), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2022.2078215
Teven, J. J.; Richmond, V. P. & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Measurement of tolerance for disagreement. Communication Research Reports, 15(2), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099809362115
von Scheve, C. (2013). Emotion and Social Structures: The Affective Foundations of Social Order. Routledge.
Yang, S. C., & Chung, T. Y. (2009). Experimental study of teaching critical thinking in civic education in Taiwanese junior high school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(1), 29-55. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709907x238771
Yarema, N. A., & Kolchinskaya, V. Y. (2016). Estructura de la socialización política del adolescente. Vector político-l, 1-2.
Yunita, S. A., Soraya, E., & Maryudi, A. (2018). “We are just cheerleaders”: Youth's views on their participation in international forest-related decision-making fora. Forest Policy and Economics, 88, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.12.012
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Universidad Católica del Uruguay
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
