Efectos de una intervención basada en normas sociales para reducir las conductas de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i1.3316Palabras clave:
normas sociales, educación secundaria, consumo de alcohol, retroalimentación normativaResumen
Las normas sociales relacionadas con el alcohol son creencias internalizadas con respecto a la extensión y aprobación del consumo de alcohol en grupos sociales de referencia. Los programas de prevención basados en normas sociales y percepciones conductuales desafían los sesgos cognitivos y promueven elecciones saludables al proporcionar información real sobre conductas específicas. Hasta donde sabemos, estos programas no se han aplicado en Sudamérica. Objetivos: Este estudio examinó la efectividad de una intervención de normas sociales para reducir las conductas de consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de una escuela media de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). Participaron 92 estudiantes (edad media = 14,18 ± 0,82 años). Se empleó un diseño factorial 2 (tipo de administración escolar: pública, privada) x 2 (tratamiento: experimental, controlado). Se recolectó información sobre el consumo real y percibido de alcohol, y se detectaron discrepancias entre ambas medidas. Resultados: Breves sesiones de retroalimentación, complementadas con carteles dentro del aula, redujeron la prevalencia y la frecuencia del consumo de alcohol. Estos efectos fueron más notorios en las escuelas públicas. Conclusiones: Este es, hasta donde sabemos, el primer reporte de aplicación de una estrategia de normas sociales para reducir el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes Sudamericanos.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Universidad Católica del Uruguay
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