Revisión sistemática de la efectividad de la meditación en el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Edgar Aiquipa-Meza; Luis Alberto Pérez-Oré

doi:10.22235/cp.v18i2.3730

Autores/as

Edgar Aiquipa-Meza Catholic University of Trujillo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9632-9553
Luis Alberto Pérez-Oré Catholic University of Trujillo https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3819-0126

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i2.3730

Palabras clave:

bienestar psicológico, intervención psicosocial, meditación, mindfulness, estudiantes, salud

Resumen

La meditación es una herramienta eficaz para promover el bienestar psicológico y manejar el estrés y los trastornos psicológicos asociados con situaciones académicas, clínicas y asistenciales altamente demandantes en contextos académicos sanitarios. Este artículo evalúa el impacto de intervenciones basadas en la meditación, en el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Se buscaron ensayos clínicos controlados en la Biblioteca virtual de Salud (BVS), Biblioteca Cochrane, Trip Database, Sage Pub, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Medline (vía PubMed), Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, APA PsycInfo y ERIC. Se identificaron 651 estudios. Se incluyeron 13 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Se encontró que la práctica de meditación no clínica, predominantemente mediante intervenciones basadas en la atención plena (mindfulness), realizadas en contextos académicos tiene un efecto positivo en el bienestar psicológico y en la competencia socioemocional del estudiantado. Los beneficios a largo plazo dependen de que los estudiantes practiquen la meditación regularmente. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la educación sanitaria. Sugieren integrar la meditación como un enfoque preventivo para mejorar el bienestar psicológico del estudiantado.

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