The Double-Edged Sword of Social Media in the European Union Crisis Management: A Literature Review

Tănase Tasențe

doi:10.22235/d.v39.4437

Autores

Tănase Tasențe Ovidius University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-5894

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/d.v39.4437

Palavras-chave:

redes sociais, gestão de crises, desinformação, União Europeia, governança

Resumo

Esta revisão de literatura analisa o papel evolutivo das redes sociais na gestão de crises na União Europeia (UE). Com base em artigos revisados por pares publicados entre 2013 e 2024, o estudo explora como as plataformas de redes sociais simultaneamente facilitam o intercâmbio rápido de informações e amplificam a desinformação, moldando a opinião pública e os resultados políticos. Os temas principais incluem a natureza paradoxal das redes sociais como uma "espada de dois gumes": permitindo atualizações em tempo real e a mobilização comunitária, mas também alimentando discursos polarizados e desinformação. Por meio de uma abordagem temática, a revisão destaca diversos contextos de crise —instabilidade financeira, ondas migratórias, desastres naturais, emergências sanitárias e convulsões políticas— e as formas como as redes sociais ampliam a complexidade ao unir ou dividir os envolvidos. Dá-se especial atenção a tendências emergentes, como o ativismo digital, a propaganda extremista e o crescente uso de dados algorítmicos para a tomada de decisões políticas. Ao delinear os benefícios e riscos de integrar plataformas digitais na governança de crises, esta revisão destaca a importância crítica de estratégias informadas e regulação equilibrada. Conclui que, embora as redes sociais ofereçam potencial para promover a resiliência, a comunicação institucional transparente e os esforços robustos em alfabetização digital são essenciais para mitigar os efeitos negativos da desinformação e das narrativas divisivas.

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