The Double-Edged Sword of Social Media in the European Union Crisis Management: A Literature Review

Tănase Tasențe

doi:10.22235/d.v39.4437

Autores/as

Tănase Tasențe Ovidius University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-5894

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/d.v39.4437

Palabras clave:

redes sociales, gestión de crisis, desinformación, Europa, gobernanza

Resumen

Esta revisión de literatura examina el papel evolutivo de las redes sociales en la gestión de crisis dentro de la Unión Europea (UE). Basándose en artículos revisados por pares publicados entre 2013 y 2024, el estudio explora cómo las plataformas de redes sociales facilitan simultáneamente el intercambio rápido de información y amplifican la desinformación, moldeando la opinión pública y los resultados políticos. Los temas clave incluyen la naturaleza paradójica de las redes sociales como una "espada de doble filo": permitiendo actualizaciones en tiempo real y movilización comunitaria, pero también alimentando discursos polarizados y desinformación. A través de un enfoque temático, la revisión destaca diversos contextos de crisis —inestabilidad financiera, olas migratorias, desastres naturales, emergencias sanitarias y convulsiones políticas— y las formas en que las redes sociales magnifican la complejidad al unir o dividir a los actores involucrados. Se presta especial atención a tendencias emergentes como el activismo digital, la propaganda extremista y el creciente uso de datos algorítmicos para la toma de decisiones políticas. Al delinear los beneficios y riesgos de integrar plataformas digitales en la gobernanza de crisis, esta revisión subraya la importancia crítica de estrategias informadas y regulación equilibrada. Concluye que, aunque las redes sociales prometen fomentar la resiliencia, la comunicación institucional transparente y los esfuerzos robustos en alfabetización digital son esenciales para mitigar los efectos negativos de la desinformación y las narrativas divisivas.

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