No a los talles únicos: inclusión educativa en aulas del Uruguay y Estados Unidos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/pe.v3i1.670Palabras clave:
educación especial, integración inclusión, recursos, estigmaResumen
Resumen. Los Estados Unidos se han convertido en fuente de ideas sobre el tratamiento de personas con discapacidades. Muchos países están considerando adoptar políticas inspiradas en las allí iniciadas. La idea de integrar a los niños discapacitados en las escuelas –en vez de enviarlos a instalaciones específicas para la educación especial- se ha extendido en los Estados Unidos y, dado el flujo transnacional de ideas, muchos otros países están considerando seguir este modelo. Sin embargo, considero que los problemas en la implementación de estas políticas y las consecuencias negativas de la integración de los niños con discapacidades en las escuelas públicas de los Estados Unidos probablemente se agravarían de aplicar políticas similares en países menos desarrollados, como Uruguay, donde la idea ha llegado al gobierno y se han levantado voces que defienden la integración. En esta investigación, analizaré los desafíos y probables consecuencias que tendría, en Uruguay, la adhesión al modelo estadounidense.Descargas
Citas
Barnett, George A. and Devan Rosen “The Global Implications of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects” in Kamalipour, Yahya (ed) Global Communication. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006 [2001], pp. 157-80.
Chalaby, Jean K. “American Cultural Primacy in a New Media Order: A European Perspective” in The International Communication Gazette. Volume 68 (1), 2006, 33-51.
De Armas, Stella. "Atención a la diversidad en la educación técnica (Attention to diversity in technical education) in Seminario Interactivo de Información sobre Educación Inclusiva. Estrategias para su puesta en práctica (Interactive Seminar of Information on Inclusive Education. Strategies to put it into practice). Montevideo: National Advisory of Technical-Professional Education, Graphic Industries School, 2006, pp. 46-78.
Discapacidad en Uruguay. Legislation (Disability in Uruguay. Legislation). Available at http://www.discapacidaduruguay.org/legislacion.asp. Accessed December 2006.
Downing, John D. H. “Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories” in Yahya Kamalipour (ed.) Global Communication. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006 [2001], pp.22-38.
“Education for Children with Special Needs” en Bizchut: The Israel Human Rights Center for Peoples With Disabilities. Available at http://www.bizchut.org.il/eng/upload/activities/education.html. Accessed October 2006. European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education. “About Us” in European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education. Available at http://www.european-agency.org/site/about/index.html. Accessed October 2006.
---. “Development of Inclusion/Integration” en European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education. Available at http://www.european-agency.org/nat_ovs/denmark/6.html. Accessed October 2006. Harrison, Angela. “Special schools or inclusion?” en BBC News, 11 de febrero de 2004. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/3478721.stm. Accessed October 2006.
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (Nacional Institute of Statistics) “Encuesta Nacional de Personas Discapacitadas” (National Survey of Disabled People), 2004. Available at http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/discapacidad/discapacidad.pdf. Accessed October 2006. Kagan, Carolyn y Burton, Mark.
“Exclusión, Discapacidad y Cambio Social” en Community Psychology UK. Conferencia presentada en la Universidad Nacional Pedagógica de México, Cuernavaca, y la Universidad Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, marzo, 2004. Available at http://www.compsy.org.uk/listkb.htm. Accessed October 2006. Liberman, Stephanie. “Mainstreaming Special Education Students”, 1997. Available at http://monicapalm334.tripod.com/id19.html. Accessed October 2006.
Mila, Juan. “Acerca de la integración escolar de niños con necesidades educativas especiales en Uruguay”. (About School Integration of Children with Special Educational Needs in Uruguay), 1999 Available at http://portal.huascaran.edu.pe:8080/basicaespecial/articulos/integracion_uruguay.doc. Accessed November 2006. Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (Ministry of Education and Culture, MEC) Anuario Estadistico de Educación 2005 (2005 Statistic Yearbook of Education), Available at http://www.mec.gub.uy/educacion/estadistica/Anuario2005.pdf. Accessed December 2006.
Minnesota Department of Education. “School Report Card. Hancock/Hamline Magnet Elementary”, 2005a. Available at http://education.state.mn.us/ReportCard2005/schoolDistrictInfo.do?SCHOOL_NUM=482&DISTRICT_NUM=0625&DISTRICT_TYPE=01. Accessed November 2006.
---. “School Report Card. Saint Paul Public School district”, 2005b. Available at http://education.state.mn.us/ReportCard2005/schoolDistrictInfo.do?SCHOOL_NUM=000&DISTRICT_NUM=0625&DISTRICT_TYPE=01. Accessed November 2006.
---. “Expenditures by Percentage”, 2006a Available at http://www.education.state.mn.us/MDE/Accountability_Programs/Program_Finance/Financial_Management/School _District _Financial_Profiles/index.html. Accessed December 2006.
---. “Total Expenditures”, 2006b. Available at http://www. education. state.mn.us/MDE/Accountability_Programs/Program _Finance/Financial_Management/School_District_Financial_Profiles/index.html. Accessed December 2006.
---. “Total Revenues”, 2006c. Available at http://www.education .state.mn.us/MDE/Accountability_Programs/Program_Finance/Financial_Management/School_District_Financial_Profiles/index.html. Accessed December 2006.
Murdick, Nikki L., Barbara Gartin C. y Terry Crabtree. Special Education Law. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 [2001] Open Society Institute & Soros Foundation Network. “International Policy Fellowships. About this Initiative”, 2005. Available at http://www.soros.org/initiatives/ipf/about. Accessed October 2006.
Parents Advocacy Coalition For Educational Rights (PACER) “Special education in Minnesota”, 2006. Available at http://www.pacer.org/legislation/ccd/sped_in_mn.htm. Accessed December 2006.
Parlamento de Uruguay (Parliament of Uruguay) “Ley No. 15.084: Dirección de las asignaciones familiares” (Law # 15.084: Destination of family allocations), 1989a. Available at http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/Leyes/Ley15084.htm. Accessed December 2006.
---. 1989 “Ley No. 16.095: Personas Discapacitadas” (Law # 16.095: Disabled People), 1989b. Available at http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/Leyes/Ley16095.htm. Accessed December 2006. Pereira, Teresa. La educación inclusiva. Un proyecto institucional con un horizonte claro (Inclusive education. An institutional project with a clear horizon). Montevideo: UTU, 2006, pp. 8-9. Available at http://www.utu.edu.uy/Publicaciones/Boletin/boletinUTU4%20 .pdf. Accessed December 2006.
Pereira, Teresa and Fernando Tomeo. “Presentación” en Seminario Interactivo de Información sobre Educación Inclusiva. Estrategias para su puesta en práctica (Interactive Seminar of Information on Inclusive Education. Strategies to put it into practice). Montevideo: National Advisory of Technical-Professional Education (Consejo de Educación Técnico Profesional), Graphic Industries School, 2006, pp 5-8.
“Special Education. Costs” in Michigan in Brief, 2002. Available at http://www.michiganinbrief.org/edition07/Chapter5/SpecialEd .htm. Accessed October 2006.
Starikova, Irina. “Policies of Inclusion of Disabled Students in Russia”, 2003. Available at http://www.policy.hu/starikova/PolicyRecommendations.doc. Accessed October 2006.
Steger, Manfred B. Globalization: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Stubbs, Sue. “A Critical Review of the Literature Relating to the Education of Disabled Children in Developing Countries”, 1994. Available at
http://www.iddc.org.uk/dis_dev/strategies/critical_review.doc. Accessed October 2006.
Tuana, Elida J. “Educacion Inclusiva” (Inclusive Education) en Seminario Interactivo de Información sobre Educación Inclusiva. Estrategias para su puesta en práctica (Interactive Seminar of Information on Inclusive Education. Strategies to put it into practice). Montevideo: National Advisory of Technical-Professional Education, Graphic Industries School (Consejo de Educación Técnico Profesional, Escuela de Industrias Gráficas), 2006, pp. 37-45.
UNESCO. “Desarrollo de la Educación: Informe Nacional Uruguay” (Development of Education. National Report Uruguay). Available at http://www.ibe.unesco.org/countries/countryDossier/natrep96/uruguay96.pdf. Accessed December 2006.
United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, 1996 [1948]. Available at http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm. Accessed November 2006.
---. “Convention on the Rights of the Child”. 1997 [1989] Available at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm. Accessed November 2006.
U.S. Department of Education. Budget History. "Education Department Budget History Table”, 2006. Available at http://www.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/history/edhistory.pdf. Accessed December 2006.
U.S. Department of Education. Federal Register. “Assistance to the States for the Education of Children with Disabilities and Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities”, 2006. Available at http://www.ed.gov/legislation/FedRegister/finrule/2006-3/081406a.pdf. Accessed December 2006.
U.S. Department of Labor. Employment Standards Administration. “Americans with Disabilities Act”, 1990. Available at http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/statutes/ofccp/ada.htm. Accessed November 2006.
White House. “Office of Management and Budget Department of Education” Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2005/education.html. Accessed December 2006.
Williams, John M. “China Struggles to Educate People with Disabilities”, 2004. Available at http://www.nod.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewPage&pageID=1430&nodeID=1&FeatureID=1427&redirected=1&CFID=10582294&CFTOKEN=73045513. Accessed October 2006.
Winzer, Margaret A. The History of Special Education: From Isolation to Integration. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, 1993.
Personal Interviews
Cirio, Ivanna. December 13th and 14th, 2006
Cobas, Pilar. December 13th, 2006
Devine, Shirley. November 28th, 2006
Holmes, Jennifer. December 1st, 2006
Lovat, Sara. November 29th, 2006
Pubentz, Jen. November 27th, 2006
Riotorto, Graciela. December 14th, 2006
Rodriguez, Gabriela. December 18th, 2006
Viñas, Alicia. December 10th, 2006
Walsh, Kathleen. December 15th, 2006
Wright, Sara. November 29th, 2006
Ziemke, Barb. December 4th, 2006
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2010 Páginas de Educación
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
