El test de la golosina en contexto: ¿cómo influye el entorno social  en la toma de decisiones y el autocontrol?

Pablo Chaverri; Rolando  Barrantes Pereira; Diego  Conejo

doi:10.22235/cp.v15i2.2486

Authors

Pablo Chaverri Universidad Nacional (UNA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-4242
Rolando Barrantes Pereira Universidad Nacional (UNA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-6855
Diego Conejo Universidad Nacional (UNA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-0337

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v15i2.2486

Keywords:

decision making, marshmallow test, self-control, delayed rewards, social context

Abstract

This article proposes a discussion of psychosocial factors that influence how humans make decisions related to self-control, emphasizing how preschoolers make those decisions in delayed reward situations. To this end, it takes as a starting point the marshmallow test placed in social context, to analyze how aspects such as rationality, emotions, socioeconomic status, culture and particularly trust in others influence how decisions are made and how self-control is exercised in relation to the delay of immediate rewards to obtain, subsequently, more beneficial results.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ariely, D. (2010). Predictably irrational: The hidden forces that shape our decisions (Revisado y ampliado). Harper Perennial.

Brighton, H. & Todd, P. (2009). Situationg rationality: ecologically rational decision making with simple heuristics. En Robbins, P., & Aydede, M. (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition (pp. 322-346). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chaverri, P., Conejo, D., León, S., & Arrieta, A. (2020). Postergación de la gratificación en preescolares costarricenses: efecto de la confianza en la persona experimentadora y del estrato socioeconómico. Artículo en revisión.

Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. Putnam.

Damasio, A. (2018). El extraño orden de las cosas: La vida, los sentimientos y la creación de las culturas. Ediciones Destino.

Eagleman, D. (2017). The brain: The story of you. Vintage Penguin Random House.

Fehr, E. (2009). Social Preferences and the Brain. En P. W. Glimcher, C. F. Camerer, E. Fehr, & R. A. Poldrack (Eds.), Neuroeconomics (pp. 215-232). Academic Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374176-9.00015-4

Güth, W., Schmittberger, R., & Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 3(4), 367-388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(82)90011-7

Jensen, K., Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game. Science, 318(5847), 107-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1145850

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow (1° ed.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Kidd, C., Palmeri, H., & Aslin, R. N. (2013). Rational snacking: Young children’s decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability. Cognition, 126(1), 109-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004

Lamm, B., Keller, H., Teiser, J., Yovsi, R., Suhrke, J., Vohringer, I., Knopf, M., Lohaus, A., Gudi, H., Freitag, C., Fassbender, I., Teubert, M. & Schwarzer, G. (2018). Waiting for the Second Treat: Developing Culture-Specific Modes of Self-Regulation. Child Development, 89(3), e261-e277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12847

Michaelson, L. E., & Munakata, Y. (2016). Trust matters: Seeing how an adult treats another person influences preschoolers’ willingness to delay gratification. Developmental Science, 19(6), 1011-1019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12388

Mischel, W. (2014). The marshmallow test: Mastering self-control. Little, Brown and Company.

Mischel, W., & Staub, E. (1965). Effects of expectancy on working and waiting for larger rewards. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 625-633. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022677

Robbins, P., & Aydede, M. (Eds.). (2009). The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition. Cambridge University Press.

Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2003). The Neural Basis of Economic Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game. Science, 300(5626), 1755-1758. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082976

Siegel, D. J. (2016). Guía de neurobiología interpersonal: Un manual integrativo de la mente. Eleftheria.

Shah, A. K., Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2012). Some consequences of having too little. Science, 338(6107), 682-685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222426

Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1990). Predicting adolescent cognitive and social competence from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions. Developmental Psychology, 26, 978-986. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.978

Slovic, P. (1990). Choice. En: D. Osherson, E. Smith (Eds.). An invitation to cognitive science: Vol. 3. Thinking (pp. 89-116). MIT Press.

Smith, E. E. & Kosslyn, S. M. (2012). Procesos cognitivos: Modelos y bases neuronales. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Sternberg, R. J., Espinosa Rodríguez, J., Ortíz Salinas, M. E., & Reyes Ponce, L. (2011). Psicología Cognoscitiva. Cengage Learning.

Thagard, P. (2019). Mind-society: From brains to social sciences and professions. Oxford University Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678722.001.0001

Todd, P. M., & Gigerenzer, G. (Eds.). (2012). Ecological rationality: Intelligence in the world. Oxford University Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315448.001.0001

Watts, T. W., Duncan, G. J., & Quan, H. (2018). Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes. Psychological Science, 29(7), 1159-1177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618761661