Resiliencia y adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en personas que viven con VIH: revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v17i2.2699Palabras clave:
resiliencia, VIH/SIDA, cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento, terapia antirretroviralResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión integradora de la literatura fue sintetizar la diversa evidencia disponible sobre el rol de la resiliencia en la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral en personas que viven con VIH. Un comité de jueces independientes realizó búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos CINAHL, LILACS, PePSIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Los datos se organizaron en el programa Rayyan. Se recuperaron 14 artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2021. Se presentaron los resultados en cuanto al enfoque y el nivel de adherencia, enfoque de resiliencia y asociación entre resiliencia y adherencia. En todos los estudios se observó que la resiliencia estuvo implicada en el proceso de adherencia a la ART, además de evidenciarse diferentes acercamientos conceptuales de la resiliencia, con predominio de una comprensión procedimental del constructo y escasez de instrumentos de medición. La revisión de la literatura demostró que pocos estudios han evaluado la resiliencia en PVVIH y, especialmente, la relación entre resiliencia y adherencia, a pesar de reconocerse que la resiliencia puede modular la capacidad de una persona para lidiar con los factores estresantes de vivir con el VIH y su atención médica.
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