Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on parenting and child behavior in Brazilian families: mediation effects of parental positive mental health

Carolina Duarte de Souza; Beatriz Pires Coltro; Larissa Paraventi; Stefany  Lunkes; Maria Eduarda Garcia; Mauro Luís Vieira

doi:10.22235/cp.v16i2.2363

Autores

Carolina Duarte de Souza Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1120
Beatriz Pires Coltro Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-3141
Larissa Paraventi Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0825-8770
Stefany Lunkes Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-9729
Maria Eduarda Garcia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-4110
Mauro Luís Vieira Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-4133

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v16i2.2363

Palavras-chave:

parentalidade, comportamento infantil, saúde mental, COVID-19, pandemia

Resumo

Este estudo objetivou investigar os impactos psicológicos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a saúde mental positiva dos pais, a parentalidade e os comportamentos das crianças. Participaram 150 pais, em sua maioria mulheres (82 %), com idade média de 38 anos (DP = 5.4), mães de crianças com idade entre 3 e 11 anos (M = 6.1; DP = 2,5). O modelo de análise de caminhos apresentou ótimo ajuste considerando o impacto indireto da COVID-19 sobre a parentalidade e comportamento da criança por meio do efeito direto sobre a saúde mental parental. Os impactos psicológicos da pandemia da COVID-19 exerceram um efeito mediado por meio da saúde mental parental sobre o comportamento da criança; contudo, não foram observados efeitos significativos sobre a parentalidade. Os resultados confirmam as expectativas de pesquisadores brasileiros e internacionais, que previram prejuízos para o cotidiano das famílias e o comportamento das crianças no período de isolamento social.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Beauchaine, T. P. & Klein, D. N. (2017). Classifying Psychopatology: The DSM, empirically based taxonomies and the research domain criteria. In. T. P. Beauchaine, S. P. Hinshaw (Eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 33–67). Wiley.

Belsky, J. (1984). The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model. Child Development, 55(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836

Bigras, M. & Dessen, M. A. (2002). Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation in Brazilian preschoolers. Early Education and Development, (13), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1302_2

Böing, E. & Crepaldi, M. A. (2016). Relação pais e filhos: Compreendendo o interjogo das relações parentais e coparentais. Educar em Revista, (59), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.44615

Brailovskaia, J. & Margraf, J. (2020). Predicting adaptive and maladaptive responses to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: A prospective longitudinal study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 20(3), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.06.002

Brown, S., Doom, J., Watamura, S. E., Lechuga-Pena, S., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110(2), 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699

Cabrera, N. J. & Volling, B. L. (2019). Moving research on fathering and children’s development forward: Priorities and recommendations for the future. In B. L. Volling & N. J. Cabrera (Eds.), Advancing research and measurement on fathering and children’s development (1st ed., pp. 107-117). Monographs of the Society for Research on Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12404

Carvalho, C. & Cruz, O. (2018). Disciplinary behaviors in mothers of preschool children: Effects of maternal efficacy beliefs, children’s gender and age, and mothers’ education. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35(4), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000400010

Chung, G., Lanier, P., & Wong, P. Y. J. (2020). Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore. Journal of Family Violence, (37), 801-812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00200-1

Coltro, B. P., Paraventi, L., & Vieira, M. L. (2020). Relações entre parentalidade e apoio Social: revisão integrativa de literatura. Contextos Clínicos, 13(1), 244-269. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2020.131.12

Conway, L. G., Woodard, S. R., & Zubrod, A. (2020). Social psychological measurements of COVID-19: Coronavirus perceived threat, government response, impacts, and experiences questionnaires. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/z2x9a

Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. (2019). Parenting in times of war: a meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis of war exposure, parenting, and child adjustment. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(1), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833001

Fleitlich, B., Cortázar, P. G., & Goodman, R. (2000). Questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (SDQ). Infanto-Revista de Neuropsiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, 8(1), 44-50.

Fontanesi, L., Marchetti, D., Mazza, C., Di Giandomenico, S., Roma, P., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2020). The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on parents: A call to adopt urgent measures. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 79-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000672

Gassman-Pines, A., Ananat, E. O., & Fitz-Henley, J. (2020). COVID-19 and parent-child psychological well-being. Pediatrics, 146(3), e2020007294. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-007294

Goodman, J. L. & Borio, L. (2020). Finding effective treatments for COVID-19 scientific integrity and public confidence in a time of crisis. Journal of American Medical Association, 16(4), e1-e2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6434

Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Silver, R. C., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., ... & Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1

Iasiello, M., van Agteren, J., & Cochrane, E. M. (2020). Mental health and/or mental illness: A scoping review of the evidence and implications of the dual-continua model of mental health. Evidence Base, 2020(1), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.21307/eb-2020-001

Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu. J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, (221), 264-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013

Kim, S. & Kochanska, G. (2015). Mothers’ power assertion: children’s negative, adversarial orientation: and future behavior problems in low-income families: early maternal responsiveness as a moderator of the developmental cascade. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038430

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press.

Koltermann, J. P., Souza, C. D., Bueno, R. K., Paraventi, L., & Vieira, M. L. (2019). Openness to the world by fathers and mothers of preschoolers in two-parent families. Paidéia, (29), e2934. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2934

Lau, E. Y. H. (2019). Parenting and childhood aggression in the Chinese context: an examination of parental responses, physical coercion and warmth. Early Years, 39(1), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2017.1344195

Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032

Linhares, M. B. M. & Enumo, S. R. F. (2020). Reflections based on Psychology about the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on child development. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), (37). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200089

Machado, W. de L. & Bandeira, D. R. (2015). Positive mental health scale: Validation of the mental health continuum - short form. Psico-USF, 20(2), 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200207

North, C. S. (2016). Disaster mental health epidemiology: Methodological review and interpretation of research findings. Psychiatry (New York), 79(2), 130-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2016.1155926

Ong, M. Y., Eilander, J., Saw, S. M., Xie, Y., Meaney, M. J., & Broekman, B. F. P. (2018). The influence of perceived parenting styles on socio-emotional development from pre-puberty into puberty. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1016-9

Osofsky, J. D., Osofsky, H. J., & Mamon, L. Y. (2020). Psychological and social impact of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(5), 468-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000656

Pan American Health Organization. (2020, March 11). WHO characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic. https://www.paho.org/en/news/11-3-2020-who-characterizes-covid-19-pandemic

Paraventi, L. (2018). Construction and validity evidences of a parenting dimensions measure for fathers and mothers of preschool children [Master’s thesis, Federal University of Santa Catarina]. Institutional Repository of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/205032

Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., & Collado, S. (2020). Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain. Frontiers in psychology, (11), 1540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540;

Romero, E., López-Romero, L., Domínguez-Álvarez, B., Villar, P., & Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. (2020). Testing the effects of COVID-19 confinement in Spanish children: The role of parents’ distress, emotional problems and specific parenting. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/spxtw

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02

Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020). Initial challenges of caregiving curing COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent-child relationship. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, (51), 671-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x

Salloum, A. & Lewis, M. (2010). An exploratory study of African American parent-child coping strategies post-hurricane Katrina. Traumatology, 16(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765609348240

Sanders, M. R. & Turner, K. M. T. (2018). The importance of parenting in influencing the lives of children. In M. R. Sanders & A. Morawska (Eds.), Handbook of parenting and child development across the lifespan (1st ed., pp. 3-26). Springer International Publishing.

Schneider, W., Waldfogel, J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2017). The great recession and risk for child abuse and neglect. Child Youth Services Review, (72), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.016

Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents' stress and children's psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, (11), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713

Taraban, L. & Shaw, D. S. (2018). Parenting in context: revisiting Belsky’s classic process of parenting model in early childhood. Developmental Review, (48), 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.006.

Yumbul, C., Wieling, E., & Celik, H. (2018). Mother–child relationships following a disaster: The experiences of turkish mothers living in a container city after the 2011 van earthquake. Contemporary Family Therapy, 40(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9445-7

Whittle, S., Bray, K. O., Lin, S., & Schwartz, O. (2020). Parenting and child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ag2r7