The effectiveness of psychotherapies in reducing further suicide attempts: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Luciana Almeida Santos; Maycoln Leôni Martins Teodoro; Fellipe Couto De Oliveira

doi:10.22235/cp.v18i2.3667

Autores/as

Luciana Almeida Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-2785
Maycoln Leôni Martins Teodoro Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-8567
Fellipe Couto De Oliveira Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6365-1417

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i2.3667

Palabras clave:

intento de suicidio, psicoterapia, ensayo clínico aleatorio, eficiencia

Resumen

Hay poca evidencia sobre la eficacia de las psicoterapias para reducir los nuevos intentos de suicidio. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas en la reducción de los intentos de suicidio entre pacientes con intentos previos. Se seleccionaron 17 artículos de cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane, APA PsycInfo y LILACS. Seis estudios mostraron diferencias estadísticas que favorecieron la intervención psicoterapéutica en algún momento durante el período de seguimiento. Estas psicoterapias abordaron: resolución de problemas, inducción de esperanza y entrenamiento de habilidades. Al comparar la psicoterapia con el tratamiento habitual, el metanálisis reveló un odds ratio de 0.41 (IC del 95 %, 0.17 a 0.99, p = .05) en el análisis hasta los 12 meses de seguimiento, y un odds ratio de 0.48 (IC del 95 %, 0.30 a 0.78, p < .001) después de 12 meses de seguimiento. Los resultados apuntan a la eficacia de estas intervenciones para reducir los intentos de suicidio adicionales, pero deben analizarse con cautela, dada la heterogeneidad de la muestra, los tratamientos y los comparadores. Esta revisión apoya el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención indicadas para pacientes que han intentado suicidarse.

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