Efeitos de intervenções de mindfulness nas funções executivas de adultos: uma revisão sistemática

Iana Silva Lemos; Geovan Menezes de Sousa Júnior; Geissy Lainny de Lima Araújo; Júnnia Maria  Moreira; Ivani Brys

doi:10.22235/cp.v19i1.3748

Autores/as

Iana Silva Lemos Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-4937
Geovan Menezes de Sousa Júnior Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8674-5067
Geissy Lainny de Lima Araújo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-4853
Júnnia Maria Moreira Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-111X
Ivani Brys Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-1160

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v19i1.3748

Palabras clave:

mindfulness, funciones ejecutivas, flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo, control cognitivo

Resumen

Las funciones ejecutivas son procesos cognitivos que permiten afrontar obstáculos inesperados, ver una misma situación desde diferentes perspectivas, centrarse en una actividad y resistir impulsos. Las intervenciones de mindfulness pueden mejorar las funciones ejecutivas porque las entrenan directamente y reducen los factores que las perjudican. Para una mejor comprensión de estos efectos, se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados aleatorios, de los últimos 5 años, sobre los efectos de las intervenciones de mindfulness en las funciones ejecutivas en adultos, con edades entre 18 y 60 años. Se encontraron 1304 artículos, luego se eliminar duplicados, y al leer el título y el resumen quedaron 32 artículos. Después de la lectura completa de estos artículos y el análisis del riesgo de sesgo, restaron 6 artículos. En todos los estudios se encontraron efectos positivos sobre diferentes funciones ejecutivas, como la atención, el control cognitivo y la flexibilidad psicológica, derivados de la participación de este tipo de intervenciones, y en cuatro de estos estudios, los efectos fueron mayores que los observados en el grupo de control. Las intervenciones basadas mindfulness demuestran potencial para mejorar las funciones ejecutivas de control inhibitorio, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva tanto para poblaciones clínicas como no clínicas.

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Citas

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