The effectiveness of psychotherapies in reducing further suicide attempts: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Luciana Almeida Santos; Maycoln Leôni Martins Teodoro; Fellipe Couto De Oliveira

doi:10.22235/cp.v18i2.3667

Autores

Luciana Almeida Santos Federal University of Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-2785
Maycoln Leôni Martins Teodoro Federal University of Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-8567
Fellipe Couto De Oliveira Federal University of Minas Gerais https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6365-1417

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i2.3667

Palavras-chave:

tentativa de suicídio, psicoterapia, ensaio clínico randomizado, eficácia

Resumo

Há poucas evidências sobre a eficácia das psicoterapias na redução de novas tentativas de suicídio. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia das intervenções psicoterapêuticas na redução de tentativa de suicídio em pacientes com histórico de tentativas anteriores. Selecionamos 17 artigos de quatro bases de dados: PubMed, Cochrane, APA PsycInfo e LILACS, em 2023. Seis estudos mostraram diferenças estatísticas que favoreceram a intervenção psicoterapêutica em algum momento durante o período de acompanhamento. Essas psicoterapias abordaram: resolução de problemas, indução de esperança, treinamento de habilidades. Ao comparar a psicoterapia com o tratamento usual, uma meta-análise revelou um odds ratio geral de 0,41 (IC 95 %, 0,17 a 0,99, p = 0,05) na análise até 12 meses de acompanhamento, e um odds ratio de 0,48 (IC 95 %, 0,30 a 0,78, p < 0,001) após 12 meses de acompanhamento. Os resultados apontam para a eficácia dessas intervenções na redução de novas tentativas de suicídio, mas devem ser analisadas com cautela, dada a heterogeneidade da amostra, tratamentos e comparadores. Esta revisão oferece suporte para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção indicada para pacientes que tentaram suicídio.

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