Engajamento no trabalho: um estudo das mudanças diárias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i1.1805Palavras-chave:
ambguidade de papéis, complexidade da tarefa, tomada de decisão, engajamento no trabalho, desempenho de papéisResumo
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as variações diárias intraindividuais e interindividuais do engajamento no trabalho e investigar os preditores desse fenômeno e do desempenho no trabalho, bem como o papel mediador do engajamento na relação entre esses preditores e o desempenho. A amostra foi constituída por 116 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (71,9% do sexo feminino). Por meio da modelagem multinível, identificou-se que a ambiguidade de papel constituiu-se em um preditor significativo e negativo do engajamento e do desempenho, enquanto a participação na tomada de decisão caracterizou-se como uma variável preditiva positiva de ambos os construtos. A complexidade da tarefa, por sua vez, foi um preditor negativo do desempenho. Ao contrário do que se esperava, o engajamento não mostrou variações intraindividuais. As organizações brasileiras podem se beneficiar dessas descobertas e procurar intervir no contexto do trabalho.
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Referências
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Airila, A., Hakanen, J. A., Schaufeli, W. B., Luukkonen, R., Punakallio, A., & Lusa , S. (2016). Are job and personal resources associated with work ability 10 years later? The mediating role of work engagement. In: T. W. Taris (Ed.). Longitudinal research in occupational health psychology (pp. 167-185). London: Routledge.
Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V. & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 767-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9533-4
Bakker, A. B. (2014). Daily fluctuations in work engagement: An overview and current directions. European Psychologist, 19, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000160
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013). Creativity and charisma among female leaders: The role of resources and work engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2760-2779. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.751438
Binnewies, C. & Sonnentag, S. (2013). The application of diary methods to examine workers’ daily recovery during off-job time. In A. B. Bakker; K. Daniels. (Eds), A day in the life of a happy worker (pp. 72-84). Psychology Press.
Brauchli, R., Schaufeli, W.B., Jenny, G.J., Füllemann, D. & Bauer, G.F. (2013). Disentangling stability and change in job resources, job demands, and employee well-being: A three-wave study on the Job-Demands Resources Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83,117-129.
Chae, S., Seo, Y., & Lee, K. C. (2013). Effects of task complexity on individual creativity through knowledge interaction: A comparison of temporary and permanent teams. Computers in Human Behavior, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.015
Chernikova, M., Destro, C. L., Mauro, R., Pierro, A., Kruglanski, A. W., & Tory Higgins, E. (2016). Different strokes for different folks: Effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.011
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039002
Edwards, J. R., Scully, J. A., & Brtek, M. D. (2000). The nature and outcomes of work: A replication and extension of interdisciplinary work-design research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1037//002I-9010.85.6.860
Ferreira, M. C., Valentini, F., Damásio, B. F., Mourão, L., Porto, J. B., Chinelato, R. S. C., Novaes, V. P., & Pereira, M. M. (2016). Additional Evidence of Validity of UWES-9 in Brazilian Samples [Evidências adicionais de validade da UWES-9 em Amostras Brasileiras]. Estudos de Psicologia, 21(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-4669.20160042
Fisher, C. D., & Gitelson. R. (1983). A meta-analysis of the correlates of role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(2), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.2.320
Garrick, A., Mak, A. S., Cathcart, S., Winwood, P. C., Bakker, A. B., & Lushington, K. (2014). Psychosocial safety climate moderating the effects of daily job demands and recovery on fatigue and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(4), 694-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12069
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Shoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (3 ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., J., Snoek, D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
Mangos, P. M., & Steele-Johnson, D. (2001). The role of subjective task complexity in goal orientation, self-efficacy, and performance relations. Human Performance, 14(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1402_03
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.51468988
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I., (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘how to’ guide to increase work engagement and prevent burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46, 120-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
Schaufeli. W. B. & De Witte, H. (2017). Work engagement in contrast to burnout: Real and redundant! Burnout Research, 5, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002
Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014), A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In G. Bauer, & O. Hämmig (Eds.), Bridging occupational, organizational and public health (pp. 43-68). Dordrecht: Springer.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
Sonnentag, S., Dormann, C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 25-38). New York: Psychology Press.
Tadic Vujcic, M., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 81-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1208653
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of Management, 26(1), 155-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600104
Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2000). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Volman, F. E., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013): Recovery at home and performance at work: A diary study on self-family facilitation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 218-234. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1359432X.2011.648375
Xanthopoulou, D., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
Airila, A., Hakanen, J. A., Schaufeli, W. B., Luukkonen, R., Punakallio, A., & Lusa , S. (2016). Are job and personal resources associated with work ability 10 years later? The mediating role of work engagement. In: T. W. Taris (Ed.). Longitudinal research in occupational health psychology (pp. 167-185). London: Routledge.
Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V. & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 767-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9533-4
Bakker, A. B. (2014). Daily fluctuations in work engagement: An overview and current directions. European Psychologist, 19, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000160
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013). Creativity and charisma among female leaders: The role of resources and work engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2760-2779. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.751438
Binnewies, C. & Sonnentag, S. (2013). The application of diary methods to examine workers’ daily recovery during off-job time. In A. B. Bakker; K. Daniels. (Eds), A day in the life of a happy worker (pp. 72-84). Psychology Press.
Brauchli, R., Schaufeli, W.B., Jenny, G.J., Füllemann, D. & Bauer, G.F. (2013). Disentangling stability and change in job resources, job demands, and employee well-being: A three-wave study on the Job-Demands Resources Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83,117-129.
Chae, S., Seo, Y., & Lee, K. C. (2013). Effects of task complexity on individual creativity through knowledge interaction: A comparison of temporary and permanent teams. Computers in Human Behavior, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.015
Chernikova, M., Destro, C. L., Mauro, R., Pierro, A., Kruglanski, A. W., & Tory Higgins, E. (2016). Different strokes for different folks: Effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.011
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039002
Edwards, J. R., Scully, J. A., & Brtek, M. D. (2000). The nature and outcomes of work: A replication and extension of interdisciplinary work-design research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1037//002I-9010.85.6.860
Ferreira, M. C., Valentini, F., Damásio, B. F., Mourão, L., Porto, J. B., Chinelato, R. S. C., Novaes, V. P., & Pereira, M. M. (2016). Additional Evidence of Validity of UWES-9 in Brazilian Samples [Evidências adicionais de validade da UWES-9 em Amostras Brasileiras]. Estudos de Psicologia, 21(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-4669.20160042
Fisher, C. D., & Gitelson. R. (1983). A meta-analysis of the correlates of role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(2), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.2.320
Garrick, A., Mak, A. S., Cathcart, S., Winwood, P. C., Bakker, A. B., & Lushington, K. (2014). Psychosocial safety climate moderating the effects of daily job demands and recovery on fatigue and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(4), 694-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12069
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Shoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (3 ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., J., Snoek, D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
Mangos, P. M., & Steele-Johnson, D. (2001). The role of subjective task complexity in goal orientation, self-efficacy, and performance relations. Human Performance, 14(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1402_03
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.51468988
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I., (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘how to’ guide to increase work engagement and prevent burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46, 120-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
Schaufeli. W. B. & De Witte, H. (2017). Work engagement in contrast to burnout: Real and redundant! Burnout Research, 5, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002
Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014), A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In G. Bauer, & O. Hämmig (Eds.), Bridging occupational, organizational and public health (pp. 43-68). Dordrecht: Springer.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
Sonnentag, S., Dormann, C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 25-38). New York: Psychology Press.
Tadic Vujcic, M., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 81-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1208653
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of Management, 26(1), 155-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600104
Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2000). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Volman, F. E., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013): Recovery at home and performance at work: A diary study on self-family facilitation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 218-234. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1359432X.2011.648375
Xanthopoulou, D., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
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Publicado
2019-04-29
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Chinelato, R. S. de C., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2019). Engajamento no trabalho: um estudo das mudanças diárias. Ciencias Psicológicas, 13(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i1.1805
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