Analysis of the internal structure of the Character Strengths Scale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i1.2150Keywords:
psychological evaluation, psychometrics, emotions, life satisfaction, psychological testsAbstract
Character strengths can contribute to the minimization of anxiety and depression symptoms and potentiate the development of psychological and subjective well-being. There is still no consensus as to the factorial structure of the character strengths. The present study aimed to empirically replicate the theoretical classification of the character strengths through exploratory factorial analyses. A total of 1500 undergraduate students, aged between 16 and 64 years old (M= 23.25; SD= 7.96), responded to the Character Strengths Scale. The most appropriate factorial solution was that of six factors, with total explained variance of 44% and reliabilities between .88 and .93. The results are discussed in the light of the literature.
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References
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Oliveira, C., Nunes, M. F. O., Legal, E. J., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2016). Bem-Estar Subjetivo: estudo de correlação com as Forças de Caráter. Avaliação Psicológica, 15(2), 177-185. doi: 10.15689/ap.2016.1502.06
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Rouse, P. C., Jet, J. J. C. S., Zanten, V. V., Ntoumanis, N., Metsios, G. S., Yu, C., …, & Duda, J. L. (2015). Measuring the positive psychological well- being of people with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional validation of the subjective vitality scale. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 17(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0827-7
Schwartz, B., & Sharpe, K. E. (2006). Practical wisdom: Aristotle meets positive psychology. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 377–395. doi: 10.1007/s10902-005-3651-y.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2009). Felicidade autêntica: usando a Psicologia Positiva para a realização permanente. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva.
Solano, A. C., & Cosentino, A. C. (2018). IVyF abreviado —IVyFabre—: análisis psicométrico y de estructura factorial en Argentina. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana/Bogotá (Colombia), 36(3), 619-637. doi: 10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.4681
Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220. doi: 10.1037/a0023353
Waters, L., & White, M. (2015). Case study of a school wellbeing initiative: Using appreciative inquiry to support positive change. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(1), 19-32. doi: 10.5502/ijw.v5i1.2
Weiss, N. H., Gratz, K. L., & Lavender, J. M. (2015). Factor structure and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of difficulties in the regulation of positive emotions: The DERS-Positive. Behavior Modification, 39(3), 431-453. doi: 10.1177/0145445514566504
Berking, M., Wirtz, C. M., Svaldi, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2014). Emotion Regulation Predicts Symptoms of Depression over Five Years. Behavior Research and Therapy, 57(1), 13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.003
Brazeau, J. N., Teatero, M. L., Rawana, E. P., Brownlee, K., & Blanchette, L. R. (2012). The Strengths Assessment Inventory: of a New Measure of Psychosocial Strengths for Youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(3), 384-390. doi: 10.1007/s10826-011-9489-5
Ciarrochi, J., Atkins, P. W. B., Hayes, L. L., Sahdra, B. K., & Parker, P. (2016). Contextual positive psychology: Policy recommendations for implementing positive psychology into schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1561), 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01561.
Dahlsgaard, K., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Shared virtue: The convergence of valued human strengths across culture and history. Review of General Psychology, 9(3), 203-213. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.203
Fowers, B. J. (2008). From continence to virtue: Recovering goodness, character unity, and character types for positive psychology. Theory & Psychology, 18(5), 629–653. doi:10.1177/0959354308093399
Linley, P. A., Nielsen, K. M., Wood, A. M., Gillett, R., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). Using Signature Strengths in Pursuit of Goals: Effects on Goal Progress, Need Satisfaction, and Well-being, and Implications for Coaching Psychologists. International Coaching Psychology Review, 5(1), 6-15. Recuperado de http://www.enhancingpeople.com/paginas/master/Bibliografia_MCP/Biblio05/USING%20SIGNATURE%20STRENGTHS%20IN%20PURSUIT%20GOALS.pdf
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Lavy, S. (2012). Character strengths in Israel Hebrew adaptation of the VIA Inventory of Strengths. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(1), 41-50. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a00008
Littman-Ovadia, H., Lavy, S., & Boiman-Meshita, M. (2017). When theory and research collide: examining correlates of signature strengths use at work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 527–548. doi: 10.1007/s10902-016-9739-8
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Steger, M. (2010). Character Strengths and Well-being Among Volunteers and Employees: Toward an Integrative Model. The Journal of Positive Psychology Publication, 5(6), 419-430. doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.516765
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analyses model. Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88–91. doi: 10.3758/BF03192753
Martínez-Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2016). Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1163403
McGrath, R. E. (2014). Measurement Invariance in Translations of the VIA Inventory of Strengths. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 32(3), 187-194. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000248
Neto, J., Neto, F., & Furnham, A. (2014). Gender and Psychological Correlates of Self- rated Strengths Among Youth. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 315-327. doi: 10.1007/s11205-013-0417-5
Ng, V., Cao, M., Marsh, H. W., Tay, L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). The factor structure of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): An item-level Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis. Psychological Assessment, 29(8). doi: 10.1037/pas0000396
Noronha, A. P. P., & Barbosa, A. J. G. (2016). Forças e virtudes: Escala de Forças de Caráter. In C. S. Hutz (Org.), Avaliação em Psicologia Positiva: Técnicas e Medidas (pp. 21-43). São Paulo: CETEPP.
Noronha, A. P. P., & Batista, H. H. V. (2017). Escala de Forças e Estilos Parentais: Estudo correlacional. Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia, 8(2), 2-19. doi: 10.5433/2236-6407.2017v8n2p02
Noronha, A. P. P., & Batista, H. H. V. (2020). Relações entre forças de caráter e autorregulação emocional em universitários brasileiros. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 29(1), 73-86. doi: 10.15446/.v29n1.72960
Noronha, A. P. P., & Campos, R. R. F. (2018). Relationship between character strengths and personality traits. Estudos de Psicologia, 35(1), 29-37. doi: 10.1590/1982-02752018000100004
Noronha, A. P. P., Dellazzana-Zanon, L. L., & Zanon, C. (2015). Internal structure of the Characters Strengths Scale in Brazil. Psico-USF, 20(2), 229-235. doi: 10.1590/1413-82712015200204
Oliveira, C., Nunes, M. F. O., Legal, E. J., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2016). Bem-Estar Subjetivo: estudo de correlação com as Forças de Caráter. Avaliação Psicológica, 15(2), 177-185. doi: 10.15689/ap.2016.1502.06
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 891-909. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.011
Park, N., & Peterson, P. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College & Character, 10(4). doi: 10.2202/1940-1639.1042
Peterson, C. E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Rouse, P. C., Jet, J. J. C. S., Zanten, V. V., Ntoumanis, N., Metsios, G. S., Yu, C., …, & Duda, J. L. (2015). Measuring the positive psychological well- being of people with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional validation of the subjective vitality scale. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 17(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0827-7
Schwartz, B., & Sharpe, K. E. (2006). Practical wisdom: Aristotle meets positive psychology. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 377–395. doi: 10.1007/s10902-005-3651-y.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2009). Felicidade autêntica: usando a Psicologia Positiva para a realização permanente. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva.
Solano, A. C., & Cosentino, A. C. (2018). IVyF abreviado —IVyFabre—: análisis psicométrico y de estructura factorial en Argentina. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana/Bogotá (Colombia), 36(3), 619-637. doi: 10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.4681
Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220. doi: 10.1037/a0023353
Waters, L., & White, M. (2015). Case study of a school wellbeing initiative: Using appreciative inquiry to support positive change. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(1), 19-32. doi: 10.5502/ijw.v5i1.2
Weiss, N. H., Gratz, K. L., & Lavender, J. M. (2015). Factor structure and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of difficulties in the regulation of positive emotions: The DERS-Positive. Behavior Modification, 39(3), 431-453. doi: 10.1177/0145445514566504
Published
2020-04-29
How to Cite
Porto Noronha, A. P. ., & Viana Batista, H. H. . (2020). Analysis of the internal structure of the Character Strengths Scale . Ciencias Psicológicas, 14(1), e-2150. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i1.2150
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
