MECANISMOS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PALABRAS EN NIÑOS DISLÉXICOS EN ESPAÑOL: ¿EXISTEN SUBTIPOS?

Marisol Carillo; Jesús Alegría

doi:10.22235/cp.v3i2.146

Authors

Marisol Carillo Universidad de Murcia
Jesús Alegría Université Libre de Bruxelles

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v3i2.146

Keywords:

specific reading retardation, developmental dislexia, phonological processing, dislexia subtypes, self-teaching model

Abstract

The reading effi ciency level of primary education children at 3rd to 6th grade was assessed using a phrase reading test. Two groups were selected: dyslexics (n=60), which presented more than 2 years of specifi c reading retardation, and a control group (n=65) of age-equivalent normal readers. The aim of the study was to establish the existence of a defi cit in the phonological processing mechanism (evaluated with a pseudo-word reading task) and, consequently, in the lexical-orthographic mechanism (evaluated with an inconsistent word spelling task). Dyslexic subtypes were detected by using the regression method, characterised by the fact that the score in one of the tasks was not correctly predicted by the score in the other. The global results indicate a substantial defi cit in both phonological and orthographic tasks. Classifi cation into subgroups showed that most dyslexics belonged to either “harmonic” or “surface” categories. No children could be clearly characterized as “phonological” dyslexics. The proportion of harmonic dyslexics increased with the school grade and reached 90% in 6th grade. The results are discussed in the framework of the self-teaching model. The absence of phonological dyslexics was explained by considering that these cases appear consistently in opaque orthographic systems, in which phonological coding is not reliable, and which would lead readers to memorize orthographic representations of words.

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Author Biography

Marisol Carillo, Universidad de Murcia

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