Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autonomía en el Trabajo en el contexto brasileño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v20i1.4823Palabras clave:
autonomía en el trabajo, satisfacción laboral, compromiso organizacional afectivo, adaptación y evidencias de validez, propiedades psicométricasResumen
La autonomía en el trabajo se entiende como la libertad de los trabajadores para gestionar los diferentes aspectos que implican la conducción de sus propias tareas, tales como la programación, los criterios y los métodos de trabajo. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez de la Escala de Autonomía en el Trabajo, en el contexto brasileño. Participaron 718 trabajadores brasileños con edades que variaban de 18 a 74 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció que la estructura que mejor se ajustó a los datos fue la de segundo orden. El análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo atestiguó la invarianza en los grupos divididos en cuanto al hecho de ocupar o no un cargo de supervisión, y en cuanto a la forma de respuesta (en línea o lápiz y papel). Los índices de consistencia interna fueron adecuados. Por último, la autonomía en el trabajo presentó correlaciones positivas con la satisfacción en el trabajo y con el compromiso organizacional afectivo. Se concluye que la escala atiende a los criterios psicométricos y se muestra como un instrumento útil aplicable en procesos de análisis organizacional que busquen la construcción de entornos de trabajo más autónomos y productivos.
Descargas
Citas
Alarifi, A., Bajaba, S., & Basahal, A. (2024). From self-commitment to career crafting: The mediating role of career adaptability and the moderating role of job autonomy. Acta Psychologica, 248, 104387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104387
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Amna, A., Aftab, K. S., Mukhtar, M., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Assessing the impact of autonomy on job satisfaction among critical care nurses. Indus Journal of Bioscience Research, 3(1), 354-361. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.498
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2024). Job demands–resources theory: Frequently asked questions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(3), 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000376
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job Demands-Resources Theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Bastos, A. V. B, Siqueira, M. M. M., Medeiros, C. A. F., & Menezes, I. G. (2008). Comprometimento organizacional. In M. M. M. Siqueira (Org.), Novas medidas do comportamento organizacional (pp. 49-96). Artmed.
Bonacci, I., Scarozza, D., & Menshikova, M. (2024). Changes in work organization between flexibility and adaptation: The new normal. PuntOorg International Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.of.21.07.24.1
Borges-Andrade, J. E., Lemos Alves Peixoto, A., Queiroga, F., & Pérez-Nebra, A. R. (2019). Adaptation of the work design questionnaire to Brazil. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 19(3), 720-731. https://doi.org/10.17652/rpot/2019.3.16837
Borsa, J. C., Damásio, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Adaptação e validação de instrumentos psicológicos entre culturas: Algumas considerações. Paidéia, 22(53), 423-432. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-863x2012000300014
Breaugh, J. A. (1985). The measurement of work autonomy. Human Relations, 38(6), 551-570. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678503800604
Breaugh, J. A. (1989). The work autonomy scales: Additional validity evidence. Human Relations, 42(11), 1033-1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678904201105
Breaugh, J. A. (1999). Further investigation of the work autonomy scales: Two studies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 13(3), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022926416628
Brink, A. G., Emerson, D. J., & Yang, L. (2015). Job autonomy and counterproductive behaviors in Chinese accountants: The role of job-related attitudes. Journal of International Accounting Research, 15(1), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51194
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Caroline, N., Ogbogo, C., & Clarion, N. (2022). Job autonomy, workload and home-work conflict as predictors of job satisfaction among employed women in academia. European Journal of Educational Management, 5(1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.12973/eujem.5.1.35
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Chiavenato, I. (2020). Gestão de pessoas: O novo papel da gestão do talento humano (5th ed.). Atlas.
Clausen, T., Pedersen, L. R. M., Andersen, M. F., Theorell, T. & Madsen, I. E. H. (2021). Job autonomy and psychological well-being: A linear or a non-linear association? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(3), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1972973
Clinton, M. E., & Conway, N. (2024). Within-person increases in job autonomy linked to greater employee strain. Work & Stress, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2024.2364593
Diaa, N. M., Abidin, A. Z. U., & Roller, M. (2024). Examining the relationship of career crafting, perceived employability, and subjective career success: The moderating role of job autonomy. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00304-w
Fischer, R., & Karl, J. A. (2019). A primer to (cross-cultural) multi-group invariance testing possibilities in R. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-18 https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2019.01507
Gabardo-Martins, L., Silva Louro, E., & Tinoco Caldas, A. (2024). Recursos e energia organizacional produtiva: A mediação da motivação no trabalho. Revista de Psicología, 42(2), 1029-1060. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.202402.013
Gana, K. & Broc, G. (2019). Structural equation modeling with Lavaan. Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119579038
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hämmig, O., & Vetsch, A. (2021). Stress-buffering and health-protective effect of job autonomy, good working climate, and social support at work among health care workers in Switzerland. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(12), e918-e924. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002404
Jindal, D., Boxall, P., Cheung, G. W., & Hutchison, A. (2022). How do work engagement and work autonomy affect job crafting and performance? An analysis in an Indian manufacturer. Personnel Review, 52(8), 2008-2024. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2019-0646
Judi, A., Parizad, N., Mohammadpour, Y., & Alinejad, V. (2025). The relationship between professional autonomy and job performance among Iranian ICU nurses: The mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. BMC Nursing, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02551-2
Juyumaya, J., Torres-Ochoa, C., & Rojas, G. (2024). Boosting job performance: The impact of autonomy, engagement and age. Revista de Gestão, 31(4), 397-414. https://doi.org/10.1108/rege-09-2023-0108
Kubicek B., Paškvan M., & Bunner J. (2017). The bright and dark sides of job autonomy. In C. Korunka & B. Kubicek (Eds.), Job demands in a changing world of work: Impact on workers’ health and performance and implications for research and practice (pp. 45-63). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54678-0_4
Malik, M. J. N., Ali, M., Malik, A., & Malik, S. (2026). Work dynamics and job autonomy as drivers of sustainable workplace well-being in digitally enabled remote work settings. Discover Sustainability, 7, 538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-02767-z
Manullang, L., & Mesra, B. (2024). The influence of work environment and work flexibility on job satisfaction with competence as an intervening variable in BPJS Employment Pematang Siantar Branch and Kisaran Branch. Sinomika Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 3(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v3i1.2245
Marcon, S. R. A., Lucas, J. I. P., Kanan, L. A., Madalozzo, M. M., Michelin, F. T., & Diniz, N. C. F. (2022). Autonomia da tarefa nas organizações: Um estudo comparativo entre jovens, adultos e idosos. Conjecturas, 24(1), 425-444. https://doi.org/10.53660/conj-2195-2z55
Ministério da Saúde. (2013, June 13). Resolução no 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. Aprova as seguintes diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Diário Oficial da União.
Ministério da Saúde. (2016, May 24). Resolução no 510, de 7 de abril de 2016. Trata sobre as diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisa em ciências humanas e sociais. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Diário Oficial da União.
Naqvi, S. R., Ishtiaq, M., Kanwal, N., & Ali, M. (2013). Impact of job autonomy on organizational commitment and job satisfaction: The moderating role of organizational culture in fast food sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(17), 92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n17p92
Nie, T., Tian, M., Cai, M., & Yan, Q. (2023). Job autonomy and work meaning: Drivers of employee job-crafting behaviors in the VUCA times. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060493
Pederson, L., & Slowiak, J. M. (2026). Job autonomy and innovation in healthcare and human services: Pathways through appraisal, engagement, and burnout. Healthcare, 14(4), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14040437
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68
Sharma, A., & Sharma, H. (2024). Job autonomy and employee psychological well-being: The mediating effect of employee voice. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/23220937241257279
Silva, A. P. C., & Ferreira, M. C. (2009). Escala de Satisfação Geral no Trabalho (Resumo). In Instituto Brasileiro de Avaliação Psicológica (Org.), Anais do IV Congresso Brasileiro de Avaliação Psicológica (p. 246).
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 706-724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y
Sørlie, H. O., Hetland, J., Bakker, A. B., Espevik, R., & Olsen, O. K. (2022). Daily autonomy and job performance: Does person-organization fit act as a key resource? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 133, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103691
Spector, P. E. (2022). Job satisfaction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003250616-1
Vieira, G. P., Kamazaki, D. F., & Dias, A. C. G. (2022a). Ética em pesquisa: A utilização de levantamento on-line em psicologia. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 42, e238789. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703003238789
Warr, P. (1987). Work, unemployment, and mental health. Oxford University Press.
Wei, Z., Abdul-Ghani, R., Mat, N., & Mat Isa, R. (2025). Multitasking and workplace wellbeing: The roles of job stress and job autonomy. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1611876
Weigold, A., Weigold, I. K., & Russell, E. J. (2013). Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods. Psychological Methods, 18(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031607
Yagil, D., & Oren, R. (2021). Servant leadership, engagement, and employee outcomes: The moderating roles of proactivity and job autonomy. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 37(1), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2021a1
Yan, H., Huang, X., Qian, C., & Chen, B. (2024). When lonely employees are productive: An intervention study on workplace mindfulness and job autonomy. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06036-y
Yang, C., Bao, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2024). More autonomy, more proactive? The (in)congruence effects of autonomy on proactive behaviour. Management Decision, 62(5), 1560-1575. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2023-0867
Yimer, A., Zewdie, A., Feleke, A., Dellie, E., Ahmed, M., Seid, S., Debebe, W., Ahmed, H., Korma, W., Adem, M., & Kebede, A. (2024). Work autonomy and its associated factors among health professionals in public hospitals of North East Ethiopia. Scientific reports, 14(1), 15747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66865-6
Zaheer, M. A., Raza, M. A., Manzoor, M., & Raja, U. A. (2024). Is role clarity and workplace autonomy the key dilemma for multinational telecommunication organizations in developing countries? Upravlenets, 15(2), 48-65. https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2024-15-2-4
Zhalifunnas, M. S., Bakar, R. M., & Rahmat, A. (2023). Increasing well-being in the workplace: The role of job autonomy. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, X(XI), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.1011012
Zhou, E. (2020). The “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect of job autonomy and its explanation mechanism. Psychology, 11(02), 299-313. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2020.112019
Zychová, K., Fejfarová, M., & Jindrová, A. (2023). Job autonomy as a driver of job satisfaction. Central European Business Review, 13(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.347
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Ciencias Psicológicas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
