Processamento cognitivo de fake news políticas. Revisão de estudos experimentais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/d.v37i1.3112Palavras-chave:
fake news, pós-verdade, desinformação, suscetibilidade, psicologia políticaResumo
O que são fake news? Quais é sua incidência na vida política contemporânea? Por que as pessoas são suscetíveis —ou não— a esse tipo de informações? Mantendo essas questões como eixo, propõe-se uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos experimentais sobre suscetibilidade versus identificação de fake news políticas, publicados entre 2017 e 2022, em espanhol, inglês e português. Foram identificados como fatores de suscetibilidade o baixo desempenho do pensamento analítico, a congruência ideológica e os cenários de confiança (notícias compartilhadas), enquanto o pensamento analítico de alto desempenho, o conhecimento político, o tempo de deliberação e as fontes e formatos jornalísticos mais institucionalizados funcionam frequentemente como fatores de discernimento. É abordada a necessidade de continuar avançando na criação e divulgação de estratégias efetivas para que os cidadãos possam distinguir a veracidade da informação política que consomem, dada sua importância para a vida democrática.
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