Criptomonedas y blockchain en la adolescencia

Agustín Barroilhet

doi:10.22235/rd25.2776

Autores/as

Agustín Barroilhet Universidad de Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2646-9750

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/rd25.2776

Palabras clave:

Criptomonedas, Blockchain, Tecnologías de Registro Distribuido, regulación, latinoamérica, Bitcoin

Resumen

El 31 de octubre de 2008 Satoshi Nakamoto publicó su famoso White paper con las bases técnicas, computacionales e ideológicas de las criptomonedas. Y el 3 de enero de 2009 se lanzó Bitcoin. Las criptomonedas y las tecnologías de registro distribuido están en la adolescencia, pero sus futuros se visualizan disímiles. Este trabajo analiza cómo la tecnología de las criptomonedas ha madurado, especialmente en lo que se refiere a sus estructuras de registro distribuido, y cómo estas últimas se han consolidado con un potencial transformador en el derecho y en la economía que recién empezamos a reconocer. Esta madurez se contrasta con las amenazas que se ciernen sobre las criptomonedas. Ya se han denunciado reiteradamente los problemas financieros y de sustentabilidad de algunas de las monedas más populares. A lo que se suma que ahora las autoridades monetarias y bancos centrales estudian emitir activos digitales (CDBC), que otorguen algunas de las prestaciones que actualmente otorgan las criptomonedas. Esto podría disminuir sustancialmente la cuota de mercado de estas últimas y, por tanto, su valor de cambio o valor de uso.

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