Satisfação com a Vida, Habilidades Sociais e Clima Escolar ao Final do Ensino Fundamental

Ana Júlia de Carvalho Pereira Alves; Vanessa Leme

doi:10.22235/pe.v19i1.4899

Autores/as

Ana Júlia de Carvalho Pereira Alves Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-4366
Vanessa Leme Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9721-0439

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/pe.v19i1.4899

Palabras clave:

satisfacción con la vida, adolescentes, habilidades sociales, clima escolar, escuela secundaria

Resumen

La deserción y el abandono escolar en los últimos años de la educación básica siguen siendo desafíos relevantes en Brasil, influenciados por factores personales, contextuales y socioeconómicos que afectan el compromiso estudiantil. En esta etapa, la satisfacción con la vida constituye un factor protector frente al fracaso escolar, aunque ha sido poco explorada en la investigación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores asociados a la satisfacción con la vida de estudiantes de los últimos años de la educación básica, examinando el efecto de las habilidades sociales y del clima escolar sobre este indicador de bienestar. Asimismo, se compararon los niveles de satisfacción con la vida según el sexo y la experiencia de repetición escolar. Participaron 659 estudiantes de ambos sexos, de 10 a 18 años, que cursaban del sexto al noveno año en ocho escuelas públicas del estado de Río de Janeiro. Se aplicaron la Escala Global de Satisfacción con la Vida para Adolescentes, el Delaware School Climate, el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Adolescentes y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados mostraron que los varones presentaron mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida. En el análisis de regresión, el 24 % de la varianza fue explicada por las variables sexo (varón), autocontrol, empatía, relación profesor-alumno, respeto por la diversidad, compromiso estudiantil, ausencia de victimización por acoso escolar y asertividad. Los hallazgos aportan evidencias útiles para programas de prevención y promoción de la salud mental de estudiantes, familias y docentes.

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