Evaluación del engagement en trabajadores de la salud en Uruguay a través de la escala Utrecht de engagement en el trabajo (UWES)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i2.1888Palabras clave:
engagement, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES, propiedades psicométricasResumen
El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala Utrecht de engagementen el trabajo (UWES) en su versión de 17 ítems para la evaluación de trabajadores de la salud en Uruguay. La muestra se compuso de 1324 trabajadores de ambos sexos (63.7% de mujeres) de diferentes instituciones de salud, públicas (45.7%) y privadas (54.3%), de Montevideo y del interior del país (64.4% y 35.6% respectivamente). Los análisis de consistencia interna, mediante coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, revelan niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna de la escala total y los tres factores, y refuerzan la evidencia de debilidad de dos ítems de la escala. Los análisis de estructura factorial a partir de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, muestran el ajuste medianamente aceptable del modelo trifactorial a los datos, aunque los elevados índices de correlación entre los factores latentes indican que un modelo unifactorial también podría ser aceptable. La evidencia de este estudio sugiere que la versión en español del UWES-17 puede ser un instrumento válido y confiable para la medición del compromiso y sus tres factores en los trabajadores de salud en Uruguay.
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Arbuckle, J. L. (2016). IBM SPSS Amos 24 User’s Guide. IBM.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P. y Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9): A Cross-Cultural Analysis. European Journalof Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000020
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Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., De Jonge, J., Janssen, P. P. M. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). Burnout and engagement at work as a function of demands and control. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 27(4), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.615
Extremera, N., Sánchez-García, M., Durán, M. A. y Rey, L. (2012). Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Two Spanish Multi-occupational Samples. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(1), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2012.00583.x
Fong, T. C. y Ng, S. (2012). Measuring Engagement at Work: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(3), 391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9173-6
Hernández-Vargas, C. I., Llorens-Gumbau, S. y Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. M. (2014). Empleados saludables y calidad de servicio en el sector sanitario. Anales de Psicología, 30(1), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.1.143631
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Martínez Arias, M. R., Hernández Lloreda, M. J. y Hernández Lloreda, M. V. (2006). Psicometría (1a ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Maslach, C. y Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
Mills, M., Culbertson, S. y Fullagar, C. (2012). Conceptualizing and Measuring Engagement: An Analysis of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(3), 519–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9277-3
Montero, I. y León, O. G. (2007). Guía para nombrar los estudios de investigación en Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847–862.
Müller Gilchrist, R., Pérez Villalobos, C. E. y Ramirez Fernández, L. (2013). Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES) 17 entre trabajadores sanitarios de Chile. Liberabit, 19(2), 163–171.
Muñoz Cruzado, K. E. (2017). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Utrecht de engagement en el trabajo (UWES 17) en trabajadores con perfil operario de la Provincia de Trujillo (Tesis para obtener el titulo de Licenciada en Psicología). Trujillo, Peru.
Nakamura, J. y Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The concept of flow. En Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 239–263). Dordrecht: Springer.
Naudé, J. L. P. y Rothmann, S. (2004). The validation of the Utrecht work engagement scale for emergency medical technicians in Gauteng. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i3.1356
Navarro-Abal, Y., Lopéz-Lopéz, M. J. y Climent-Rodríguez, J. A. (2018). Engagement, resilience and empathy in nursing assistants. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 28(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENFCLE.2017.08.012
Nerstad, C. G. L., Richardsen, A. M. y Martinussen, M. (2010). Factorial validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) across occupational groups in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00770.x
Nunnally, J. C. y Bernstein, I. H. (1995). Psychometric theory (3a ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Oramas Viera, A., González, I. M., Reynosa, E. C., del Castillo Martín, N. P. y Vergara Barrenechea, A. (2014). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Evaluation of the work engagement in Cuban workers. Revista cubana de Salud y Trabajo, 15(2), 47–56.
Panthee, B., Shimazu, A. y Kawakami, N. (2014). Validation of Nepalese Version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Journal of Occupational Health, 56(6), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0041-oa
Salanova, M., Martínez, I. M. y Llorens, S. (2014). Una mirada más “positiva” a la salud ocupacional desde la psicología organizacional positiva en tiempos de crisis: Aportaciones desde el equipo de investigación WONT. Papeles del Psicologo, 35(1), 22–30.
Salanova, M. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). El engagement en el trabajo: Cuando el trabajo se convierte en pasión. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Schaufeli, W. B. (s/f). Wilmar Schaufeli. Recuperado a partir de https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/tests/
Schaufeli, W. B. y Bakker, A. B. (2001). Werk en welbevinden: Naar een positieve benadering in de Arbeids-en Gezondheidspsychologie [Work and well-being: towards a positive approach in Occupational Health Psychology]. Gedrag & Organisatie, 14, 229–253.
Schaufeli, W. B. y Bakker, A. B. (2004). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Preliminary manual (1.1). Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. y Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. A. y Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015630930326
Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M. y De Witte, H. (2017). An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000430
Seppälä, P., Mauno, S., Feldt, T., Hakanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Schaufeli, W. y Tolvanen, A. (2009). The Construct Validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and Longitudinal Evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(459).
Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kosugi, S., Suzuki, A., Nashiwa, H., Kato, A., … Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, K. (2008). Work Engagement in Japan: Validation of the Japanese Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Applied Psychology, 57(3), 510–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00333.x
Simbula, S., Guglielmi, D., Schaufeli, W. B. y Depolo, M. (2013). An Italian validation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Characterization of engaged groups in a sample of schoolteachers. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 268, 43–54.
Souza Vazquez, A. C., dos Santos Magnan, E., Cerentini Pacico, J., Hutz, C. S. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Adaptation and Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Psico-USF, 20(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200202
Spontón, C., Medrano, L. A., Maffei, L., Spontón, M. y Castellano, E. (2012). Validación del cuestionario de Engagement UWES a la población de trabajadores de Córdoba, Argentina. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 18(2), 147–154.
Storm, K. y Rothmann, S. (2003). A psychometric analysis of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in the South African police service. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v29i4.129
Sulaiman, W. S. W. y Zahoni, N. A. (2016). Validation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) in the Malaysian Context. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(9), 672–676.
Ugwu, F. O. (2013). Work Engagement in Nigeria: Adaptation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Nigerian Samples. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research, 1(3), 16–26.
Vallières, F., McAuliffe, E., Hyland, P., Galligan, M. y Ghee, A. (2017). Measuring work engagement among community health workers in Sierra Leone: Validating the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.12.001
Van Bogaert, P., Wounters, K., Willems, R., Mondelaers, M. y Clarke, S. (2013). Work engagement supports nurse workforce stability and quality of care: Nursing team-level analysis in psychiatric hospitals. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(8), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12004
Viljevac, A., Cooper Thomas, H. D. y Anderson, D. (2012). An investigation into the validity of two measures of work engagement. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(17), 3692–3709. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.639542
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Kantas, A. y Demerouti, E. (2012). Measuring burnout and work engagement: Factor structure, invariance, and latent mean differences across Greece and the Netherlands. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 7(2), 40–52.
Zecca, G., Györkös, C., Becker, J., Massoudi, K., de Bruin, G. P. y Rossier, J. (2015). Validation of the French Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and its relationship with personality traits and impulsivity. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2014.10.003
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P. y Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9): A Cross-Cultural Analysis. European Journalof Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000020
Bilgel, N., Bayram, N., Ozdemir, H., Dogan, F. y Ekin, D. (2012). Work Engagement, Burnout and Vigor among a Group of Medical Residents in Turkey. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2(3), 220–238. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2012/1496
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., De Jonge, J., Janssen, P. P. M. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). Burnout and engagement at work as a function of demands and control. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 27(4), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.615
Extremera, N., Sánchez-García, M., Durán, M. A. y Rey, L. (2012). Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Two Spanish Multi-occupational Samples. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(1), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2012.00583.x
Fong, T. C. y Ng, S. (2012). Measuring Engagement at Work: Validation of the Chinese Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(3), 391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9173-6
Hernández-Vargas, C. I., Llorens-Gumbau, S. y Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. M. (2014). Empleados saludables y calidad de servicio en el sector sanitario. Anales de Psicología, 30(1), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.1.143631
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. y Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Hu, L. y Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
IBM Corp. (s/f). Guía del usuario de IBM SPSS Statistics 24 Core System. IBM.
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Orgaz, M. B. y Cruz, M. (2011). Vigour and dedication in nursing professionals: towards a better understanding of work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(4), 865–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05526.x
Martínez Arias, M. R., Hernández Lloreda, M. J. y Hernández Lloreda, M. V. (2006). Psicometría (1a ed.). Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Maslach, C. y Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
Mills, M., Culbertson, S. y Fullagar, C. (2012). Conceptualizing and Measuring Engagement: An Analysis of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(3), 519–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9277-3
Montero, I. y León, O. G. (2007). Guía para nombrar los estudios de investigación en Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847–862.
Müller Gilchrist, R., Pérez Villalobos, C. E. y Ramirez Fernández, L. (2013). Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES) 17 entre trabajadores sanitarios de Chile. Liberabit, 19(2), 163–171.
Muñoz Cruzado, K. E. (2017). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Utrecht de engagement en el trabajo (UWES 17) en trabajadores con perfil operario de la Provincia de Trujillo (Tesis para obtener el titulo de Licenciada en Psicología). Trujillo, Peru.
Nakamura, J. y Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The concept of flow. En Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology (pp. 239–263). Dordrecht: Springer.
Naudé, J. L. P. y Rothmann, S. (2004). The validation of the Utrecht work engagement scale for emergency medical technicians in Gauteng. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i3.1356
Navarro-Abal, Y., Lopéz-Lopéz, M. J. y Climent-Rodríguez, J. A. (2018). Engagement, resilience and empathy in nursing assistants. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 28(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENFCLE.2017.08.012
Nerstad, C. G. L., Richardsen, A. M. y Martinussen, M. (2010). Factorial validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) across occupational groups in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00770.x
Nunnally, J. C. y Bernstein, I. H. (1995). Psychometric theory (3a ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Oramas Viera, A., González, I. M., Reynosa, E. C., del Castillo Martín, N. P. y Vergara Barrenechea, A. (2014). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Evaluation of the work engagement in Cuban workers. Revista cubana de Salud y Trabajo, 15(2), 47–56.
Panthee, B., Shimazu, A. y Kawakami, N. (2014). Validation of Nepalese Version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Journal of Occupational Health, 56(6), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0041-oa
Salanova, M., Martínez, I. M. y Llorens, S. (2014). Una mirada más “positiva” a la salud ocupacional desde la psicología organizacional positiva en tiempos de crisis: Aportaciones desde el equipo de investigación WONT. Papeles del Psicologo, 35(1), 22–30.
Salanova, M. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). El engagement en el trabajo: Cuando el trabajo se convierte en pasión. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Schaufeli, W. B. (s/f). Wilmar Schaufeli. Recuperado a partir de https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/tests/
Schaufeli, W. B. y Bakker, A. B. (2001). Werk en welbevinden: Naar een positieve benadering in de Arbeids-en Gezondheidspsychologie [Work and well-being: towards a positive approach in Occupational Health Psychology]. Gedrag & Organisatie, 14, 229–253.
Schaufeli, W. B. y Bakker, A. B. (2004). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Preliminary manual (1.1). Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B. y Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. A. y Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015630930326
Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M. y De Witte, H. (2017). An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000430
Seppälä, P., Mauno, S., Feldt, T., Hakanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Schaufeli, W. y Tolvanen, A. (2009). The Construct Validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Multisample and Longitudinal Evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(459).
Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kosugi, S., Suzuki, A., Nashiwa, H., Kato, A., … Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, K. (2008). Work Engagement in Japan: Validation of the Japanese Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Applied Psychology, 57(3), 510–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00333.x
Simbula, S., Guglielmi, D., Schaufeli, W. B. y Depolo, M. (2013). An Italian validation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Characterization of engaged groups in a sample of schoolteachers. Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata, 268, 43–54.
Souza Vazquez, A. C., dos Santos Magnan, E., Cerentini Pacico, J., Hutz, C. S. y Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Adaptation and Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Psico-USF, 20(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200202
Spontón, C., Medrano, L. A., Maffei, L., Spontón, M. y Castellano, E. (2012). Validación del cuestionario de Engagement UWES a la población de trabajadores de Córdoba, Argentina. Liberabit. Revista de Psicología, 18(2), 147–154.
Storm, K. y Rothmann, S. (2003). A psychometric analysis of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in the South African police service. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v29i4.129
Sulaiman, W. S. W. y Zahoni, N. A. (2016). Validation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) in the Malaysian Context. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(9), 672–676.
Ugwu, F. O. (2013). Work Engagement in Nigeria: Adaptation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Nigerian Samples. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research, 1(3), 16–26.
Vallières, F., McAuliffe, E., Hyland, P., Galligan, M. y Ghee, A. (2017). Measuring work engagement among community health workers in Sierra Leone: Validating the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.12.001
Van Bogaert, P., Wounters, K., Willems, R., Mondelaers, M. y Clarke, S. (2013). Work engagement supports nurse workforce stability and quality of care: Nursing team-level analysis in psychiatric hospitals. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(8), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12004
Viljevac, A., Cooper Thomas, H. D. y Anderson, D. (2012). An investigation into the validity of two measures of work engagement. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(17), 3692–3709. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.639542
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Kantas, A. y Demerouti, E. (2012). Measuring burnout and work engagement: Factor structure, invariance, and latent mean differences across Greece and the Netherlands. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 7(2), 40–52.
Zecca, G., Györkös, C., Becker, J., Massoudi, K., de Bruin, G. P. y Rossier, J. (2015). Validation of the French Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and its relationship with personality traits and impulsivity. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2014.10.003
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2019-10-04
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Gómez Garbero, L., Labarthe, J., Ferreira-Umpiérrez, A., & Chiminelli-Tomás, V. (2019). Evaluación del engagement en trabajadores de la salud en Uruguay a través de la escala Utrecht de engagement en el trabajo (UWES). Ciencias Psicológicas, 13(2), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i2.1888
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