El impacto de las fortalezas de carácter en el bienestar y el optimismo: Un abordaje de perfiles latentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v19i1.4128Palabras clave:
Psicología Positiva, Psicometría, Personalidad, espiritualidadResumen
Las fortalezas de carácter son rasgos positivos que se manifiestan en comportamientos, pensamientos y acciones que pueden funcionar como un factor protector. Comprender la estructura latente de las fortalezas de carácter y su relación con otras fuentes internas positivas como el optimismo y el bienestar subjetivo tiene importantes implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. Nuestro objetivo fue probar los perfiles latentes de las fortalezas de carácter y su interacción con el optimismo y el bienestar subjetivo. Se realizó un estudio transversal con un muestreo por conveniencia que incluyó a 433 participantes brasileños, con edades entre 18 y 79 años. Se probaron modelos de 2 a 5 clases a partir de análisis de perfiles latentes. Los análisis de perfiles latentes favorecieron una solución de 4 clases, donde aquellos con puntajes más altos en fortalezas también mostraron niveles elevados de bienestar subjetivo y optimismo. Se encontró que la fortaleza de la espiritualidad generaba niveles más altos de optimismo, que no interferían con otras variables como la satisfacción con la vida y el afecto. Los hallazgos están parcialmente en consonancia con estudios realizados en otros países. Sin embargo, al comparar los resultados de este estudio con otros, es importante recordar que los instrumentos utilizados para medir las fortalezas de carácter en las investigaciones no eran los mismos.
Descargas
Citas
Azañedo, C. M., Artola, T., Sastre, S., & Alvarado, J. M. (2021). Character strengths predict subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and psychopathological symptoms, over and above functional social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661278
Bates-Krakoff, J., Parente, A., McGrath, R., Rashid, T., & Niemiec, R. M. (2022). Are character strength-based positive interventions effective for eliciting positive behavioral outcomes? A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Wellbeing, 12(3), 56-80. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v12i3.2111
Batista, H. H. V., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2023). Character Strengths Scale-Brief: initial psychometric studies. Estudos de Psicologia (campinas), 40, e200172. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e200172
Baumann, D., Ruch, W., Margelisch, K., Gander, F., & Wagner, L. (2020). Character strengths and life satisfaction in later life: An analysis of different living conditions. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 329-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9689-x
Berlin, K. S., Williams, N. A., & Parra, G. R. (2014). An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (part 1): Overview and cross-sectional latent class and latent profile analyses. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(2), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jst084
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2023). Optimism. In F. Maggino (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (4849–4854). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_2018
Dametto, D. M., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2019). Construção e validação da Escala de Forças de Caráter para adolescentes (EFC-A). Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2930
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Oishi, S. & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behavior, 2(4), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
Duan, W., & Wang, Y. (2018). Latent profile analysis of the three-dimensional model of character strengths to distinguish at-strengths and at-risk populations. Quality of Life Research, 27(11), 2983-2990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1933-1
Duan, W., Qi, B., Sheng, J., & Wang, Y. (2019). Latent character strength profile and grouping effects. Social Indicators Research, 147(1), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02105-z
Geerling, B., Kraiss, J. T., Kelders, S. M., Stevens, A. W. M. M., Kupka, R. W., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2020). The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and psychopathology in patients with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 572–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1789695
Haridas, S., Bhullar, N., & Dunstan, D. A. (2017). What’s in character strengths? Profiling strengths of the heart and mind in a community sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 113, 32-37. https://doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.006
Hausler, M., Strecker, C., Huber, A., Brenner, M., Höge, T., & Höfer, S. (2017). Distinguishing relational aspects of character strengths with subjective and psychological well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01159
Jebb, A. T., Morrison, M., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2020). Subjective well-being around the world: Trends and predictors across the life span. Psychological Science, 31(3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619898826
Kamushadze, T., & Martskvishvili, K. (2021). Character strength at its worst and best: Mediating effect of coping strategies. Trends in Psychology, 29(4), 655-669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00085-z
Kiye, S., & Boysan, M. (2021). Relationships between character strengths, internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: a latent class analysis. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(2), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.1872768
Kor, A., Pirutinsky, S., Mikulincer, M., Shoshani, A., & Miller, L. (2019). A longitudinal study of spirituality, character strengths, subjective well-being, and prosociality in middle school adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00377
Kushlev, K., Radosic, N., & Diener, E. (2021). Subjective well-being and prosociality around the globe: Happy people give more of their time and money to others. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(4), 849-861. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506211043379
Lavy, S. (2020). A review of character strengths interventions in Twenty-First-Century schools: their importance and how they can be fostered. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 573-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9700-6
Lim, W. L., & Tierney, S. (2023). The effectiveness of positive psychology interventions for promoting well-being of adults experiencing depression compared to other active psychological treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(1), 249-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z
Liu, X., Lv, Y., Ma, Q., Guo, F., Yan, X., & Ji, L. (2016). The basic features and patterns of character strengths among children and adolescents in China. Studies of Psychology & Behavior, 27(5), 536-542.
McGrath, R. E. (2015). Character strengths in 75 nations: An update. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888580
Mens, M. G., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2020). Optimism and physical health. In K. Sweeny, M. L. Robbins & L. M. Cohen (Eds.), The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology (385-393). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119057840.ch88
Mueller, R. R., & Cechinel, A. (2020). A privatização da educação brasileira e a BNCC do Ensino Médio: parceria para as competências socioemocionais. Educação, 45, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5902/1984644435680
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus User’s Guide (7th ed.).
Niemiec, R. M. (2013). VIA character strengths: Research and practice (the first 10 years). In H. H. Knoop & A. Delle Fave (Eds.), Well-being and cultures: Perspectives from positive psychology (pp. 11-29). Springer. https://doi/10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_2
Niemiec, R. M. (2019). Finding the golden mean: the overuse, underuse, and optimal use of character strengths. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(3–4), 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1617674
Niemiec, R. M., Russo-Netzer, P., & Pargament, K. I. (2020). The decoding of the human spirit: a synergy of spirituality and character strengths toward wholeness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02040
Noronha, A. P. P., & Batista, H. H. V. (2020). Análise da estrutura interna da Escala de Forças de Caráter. Ciencias Psicológicas, 14(1), e2150. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v14i1.2150
Noronha, A. P. P., & Reppold, C. T. (2019). Introdução às forças de caráter. Em M. N. Baptista, M. Muniz, C. T. Reppold, Nunes, C. H. S. S., Carvalho, L. F., Primi, R., A. P. P. Noronha, A. G. Seabra, S. M. Wechsler, C. S. Hutz, & L. Pasquali (Orgs.), Compêndio de Avaliação Psicológica (pp. 549-568). Vozes.
Noronha, A. P. P., & Zanon, C. (2018). Strenghts of character of personal growth: Structure and relations with the Big Five in the Brazilian context. Paidéia (ribeirão Preto), 28, e2822. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2822
Noronha, A. P. P., Batista, H. H. V. S., & Souza, M. H. de. (2023). Percepção de religiosidade e forças pessoais: Relação entre os construtos em universitários. Interação em Psicologia, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.5380/riep.v27i1.79390
Noronha, A. P. P., Dellazzana-Zanon, L. L., & Zanon, C. (2015). Internal structure of the Characters Strengths Scale in Brazil. Psico-USF, 20(2), 229-235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413- 82712015200204
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press; American Psychological Association.
Rashid, T., & Niemiec, R. M. (2023). Character strengths. In F. Maggino (ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (723-730). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_309
Rocha, R. M. A., Santos, C. G., Gonzalez, H. V., & Noronha, A. P. P. (2024). Escala de Forças de Caráter: novas evidências de validade. Ciencias Psicológicas. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i1.3297
Ruch, W., Niemiec, R. M., McGrath, R. E., Gander, F., & Proyer, R. T. (2020). Character strengths-based interventions: Open questions and ideas for future research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 680-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1789700
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2018). The impact of signature character strengths interventions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 1179-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9990-2
Seibel, B. L., DeSousa, D., & Koller, S. H. (2015). Adaptação brasileira e estrutura fatorial da escala 240-item VIA Inventory of Strengths. Psico-USF, 20, 371-383. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200301
Seligman, M. E. P. (2015). Chris Peterson’s unfinished masterwork: The real mental illnesses. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888582
Wagner, L., Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character strengths and PERMA: Investigating the relationships of character strengths with a multidimensional framework of well-being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 307-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9695-z
Weller, B. E., Bowen, N. K., & Faubert, S. J. (2020). Latent class Analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 287-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420930932
Yan, T., Chan, C. W. H., Chow, K. M., Zheng, W., & Sun, M. (2020). A systematic review of the effects of character strengths-based intervention on the psychological well-being of patients suffering from chronic illnesses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(7), 1567-1580. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14356
Zanon, C., Bastianello, M. R., Pacico, J. C., & Hutz, C. S. (2013). Desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala de afetos positivos e negativos. Psico-usf, 18(2), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712013000200003
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ciencias Psicológicas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
