ENTRE POBREZA Y VIOLENCIA: ¿CÓMO AFECTAN LOS ESTRESORES DIARIOS Y LA VIOLENCIA A ADOLESCENTES EN ZONAS DE GUERRA?

Autores

  • Cindy Mels Universidad Católica del Uruguay

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v6i1.69

Palavras-chave:

depresión, ansiedad, adolescencia, resiliencia, República Democratica del Congo

Resumo

Se ha establecido científicamente que la violencia sufrida en situaciones de guerra afecta negativamente al funcionamiento psicológico de las víctimas, no obstante, se supone que es el conjunto de varios factores de riesgo y factores protectores los que determinan las reacciones concretas. Este artículo se enfocará en dos factores de riesgo –la exposición a eventos violentos y los estresores diarios– y su relación con conductas internalizadas (depresión y ansiedad) en adolescentes viviendo en una zona de guerra. A través de un muestreo por conglomerados comprendiendo 13 colegios en 4 zonas seleccionadas en Ituri, una provincia en el noreste de la República Democrática del Congo, se encuestan 991 alumnos (13 a 21 años) por medio de cuestionarios de auto-informe, revelando datos sobre las variables sexo, edad, exposición a la violencia, estresores diarios, conductas internalizadas y externalizadas. Se encontró que los adolescentes varones  resultaron más expuestos a la violencia que las adolescentes mujeres. La exposición a eventos violentos también se diferenció según la edad, en ambos sexos. A su vez, los adolescentes mayores, tanto varones como mujeres, reportaron más estresores diarios que sus pares de menor edad. Un efecto de interacción entre la exposición a la violencia y estresores diarios predijo comportamientos internalizados a medida que ambas variables se acumulaban. Además, las adolescentes mujeres, mostraron más conductas internalizadas bajo la acumulación de estresores diarios que los adolescentes varones. Concluimos que los estresores diarios están asociados con mayores niveles de conductas internalizadas, sobre todo en adolescentes mujeres, y que la exposición a la violencia aumenta el efecto. A pesar de la violencia sufrida, la reducción de estresores diarios en la vida de adolescentes afectados por la guerra, podría promover su resiliencia y minimizar en cierta medida los síntomas psicológicos causados por el estrés acumulado durante la guerra.

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Publicado

2012-11-30

Como Citar

Mels, C. (2012). ENTRE POBREZA Y VIOLENCIA: ¿CÓMO AFECTAN LOS ESTRESORES DIARIOS Y LA VIOLENCIA A ADOLESCENTES EN ZONAS DE GUERRA?. Ciencias Psicológicas, 6(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v6i1.69

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