Work engagement: a study of daily changes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i1.1805Keywords:
role ambiguity, task complexity, decision-making, work engagement, role performanceAbstract
This research aimed to verify the daily intraindividual and interindividualvariations of work engagement and to investigate the predictors of this phenomenon and of the role performance at work, as well as the mediating role of engagement in the relationship between these predictors and performance. The sample consisted of 116 workers of both sexes (71.9% female). Through multilevel modelling, it could be identified that role ambiguity constituted a significant and negative predictor of engagement and performance, while participation in decision-making was characterized as a positive predictive variable of both constructs. The task complexity, in turn, proved to be a negative predictor of performance. Contrary to expectations, engagement did not show intra-individual variations. Brazilian organizations can benefit from these findings and seek to intervene in the work context.
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References
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Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V. & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 767-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9533-4
Bakker, A. B. (2014). Daily fluctuations in work engagement: An overview and current directions. European Psychologist, 19, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000160
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013). Creativity and charisma among female leaders: The role of resources and work engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2760-2779. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.751438
Binnewies, C. & Sonnentag, S. (2013). The application of diary methods to examine workers’ daily recovery during off-job time. In A. B. Bakker; K. Daniels. (Eds), A day in the life of a happy worker (pp. 72-84). Psychology Press.
Brauchli, R., Schaufeli, W.B., Jenny, G.J., Füllemann, D. & Bauer, G.F. (2013). Disentangling stability and change in job resources, job demands, and employee well-being: A three-wave study on the Job-Demands Resources Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83,117-129.
Chae, S., Seo, Y., & Lee, K. C. (2013). Effects of task complexity on individual creativity through knowledge interaction: A comparison of temporary and permanent teams. Computers in Human Behavior, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.015
Chernikova, M., Destro, C. L., Mauro, R., Pierro, A., Kruglanski, A. W., & Tory Higgins, E. (2016). Different strokes for different folks: Effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.011
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039002
Edwards, J. R., Scully, J. A., & Brtek, M. D. (2000). The nature and outcomes of work: A replication and extension of interdisciplinary work-design research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1037//002I-9010.85.6.860
Ferreira, M. C., Valentini, F., Damásio, B. F., Mourão, L., Porto, J. B., Chinelato, R. S. C., Novaes, V. P., & Pereira, M. M. (2016). Additional Evidence of Validity of UWES-9 in Brazilian Samples [Evidências adicionais de validade da UWES-9 em Amostras Brasileiras]. Estudos de Psicologia, 21(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-4669.20160042
Fisher, C. D., & Gitelson. R. (1983). A meta-analysis of the correlates of role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(2), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.2.320
Garrick, A., Mak, A. S., Cathcart, S., Winwood, P. C., Bakker, A. B., & Lushington, K. (2014). Psychosocial safety climate moderating the effects of daily job demands and recovery on fatigue and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(4), 694-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12069
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Shoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (3 ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., J., Snoek, D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
Mangos, P. M., & Steele-Johnson, D. (2001). The role of subjective task complexity in goal orientation, self-efficacy, and performance relations. Human Performance, 14(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1402_03
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.51468988
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I., (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘how to’ guide to increase work engagement and prevent burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46, 120-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
Schaufeli. W. B. & De Witte, H. (2017). Work engagement in contrast to burnout: Real and redundant! Burnout Research, 5, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002
Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014), A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In G. Bauer, & O. Hämmig (Eds.), Bridging occupational, organizational and public health (pp. 43-68). Dordrecht: Springer.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
Sonnentag, S., Dormann, C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 25-38). New York: Psychology Press.
Tadic Vujcic, M., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 81-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1208653
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of Management, 26(1), 155-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600104
Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2000). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Volman, F. E., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013): Recovery at home and performance at work: A diary study on self-family facilitation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 218-234. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1359432X.2011.648375
Xanthopoulou, D., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
Airila, A., Hakanen, J. A., Schaufeli, W. B., Luukkonen, R., Punakallio, A., & Lusa , S. (2016). Are job and personal resources associated with work ability 10 years later? The mediating role of work engagement. In: T. W. Taris (Ed.). Longitudinal research in occupational health psychology (pp. 167-185). London: Routledge.
Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V. & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 767-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9533-4
Bakker, A. B. (2014). Daily fluctuations in work engagement: An overview and current directions. European Psychologist, 19, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000160
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD-R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013). Creativity and charisma among female leaders: The role of resources and work engagement. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2760-2779. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.751438
Binnewies, C. & Sonnentag, S. (2013). The application of diary methods to examine workers’ daily recovery during off-job time. In A. B. Bakker; K. Daniels. (Eds), A day in the life of a happy worker (pp. 72-84). Psychology Press.
Brauchli, R., Schaufeli, W.B., Jenny, G.J., Füllemann, D. & Bauer, G.F. (2013). Disentangling stability and change in job resources, job demands, and employee well-being: A three-wave study on the Job-Demands Resources Model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83,117-129.
Chae, S., Seo, Y., & Lee, K. C. (2013). Effects of task complexity on individual creativity through knowledge interaction: A comparison of temporary and permanent teams. Computers in Human Behavior, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.015
Chernikova, M., Destro, C. L., Mauro, R., Pierro, A., Kruglanski, A. W., & Tory Higgins, E. (2016). Different strokes for different folks: Effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.011
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2015). Productive and counterproductive job crafting: A daily diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039002
Edwards, J. R., Scully, J. A., & Brtek, M. D. (2000). The nature and outcomes of work: A replication and extension of interdisciplinary work-design research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 860-868. https://doi.org/10.1037//002I-9010.85.6.860
Ferreira, M. C., Valentini, F., Damásio, B. F., Mourão, L., Porto, J. B., Chinelato, R. S. C., Novaes, V. P., & Pereira, M. M. (2016). Additional Evidence of Validity of UWES-9 in Brazilian Samples [Evidências adicionais de validade da UWES-9 em Amostras Brasileiras]. Estudos de Psicologia, 21(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-4669.20160042
Fisher, C. D., & Gitelson. R. (1983). A meta-analysis of the correlates of role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(2), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.2.320
Garrick, A., Mak, A. S., Cathcart, S., Winwood, P. C., Bakker, A. B., & Lushington, K. (2014). Psychosocial safety climate moderating the effects of daily job demands and recovery on fatigue and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(4), 694-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12069
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438
Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Shoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (3 ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., J., Snoek, D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
Mangos, P. M., & Steele-Johnson, D. (2001). The role of subjective task complexity in goal orientation, self-efficacy, and performance relations. Human Performance, 14(2), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1402_03
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1783
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010.51468988
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I., (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘how to’ guide to increase work engagement and prevent burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46, 120-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
Schaufeli. W. B. & De Witte, H. (2017). Work engagement in contrast to burnout: Real and redundant! Burnout Research, 5, 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002
Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2014), A critical review of the job demands-resources model: Implications for improving work and health. In G. Bauer, & O. Hämmig (Eds.), Bridging occupational, organizational and public health (pp. 43-68). Dordrecht: Springer.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
Sonnentag, S., Dormann, C., & Demerouti, E. (2010). Not all days are created equal: The concept of state work engagement. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 25-38). New York: Psychology Press.
Tadic Vujcic, M., Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motivation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26, 81-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1208653
Tubre, T. C., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Jackson and Schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of Management, 26(1), 155-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600104
Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2000). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Volman, F. E., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013): Recovery at home and performance at work: A diary study on self-family facilitation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 218-234. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1359432X.2011.648375
Xanthopoulou, D., Heuven, E., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Working in the sky: A diary study on work engagement among flight attendants. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345
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Published
2019-04-29
How to Cite
Chinelato, R. S. de C., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2019). Work engagement: a study of daily changes. Ciencias Psicológicas, 13(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i1.1805
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
