Relational models and work-family conflict: a study with samples from Brazil and the United States of America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i2.1679Keywords:
work-family conflict, attachment theory, transcultural study, attachment style, brief attachment questionnaireAbstract
Attachment theory seeks to understand how emotional bonds can affect different aspects of people’s lives across the continuum of life. This study aimed at comprehending how patterns of anxious and avoidant attachment explain two dimensions of the work-family conflict construct, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). To achieve this, data were collected through a survey with samples from Brazil and the United States of America. The sample included 676 people older than 18 years old - 369 participants were from Brazil and 307 were from the USA. Results demonstrated that the anxious pattern of attachment relates to and predicts both dimensions of the work-family conflict. On the other hand, avoidant attachment was an explanatory variable only for participants from the United States. These results accentuate scientific investigation of attachments constructs’ importance and its interactions within work and family demands.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Agishtein, P., & Brumbaugh, C. (2013). Cultural variation in adult attachment: The impact of ethnicity, collectivism, and country of origin. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(4), 384-405. doi:10.1037/h0099181
Aguiar, C. V. N., & Bastos, A. V. B. (2013). Tradução, adaptação e evidências de validade para a medida de Conflito trabalho-família. [Translation, adaptation and validity evidence for the measure of Work-Family Conflict] Avaliação psicológica, 12(2), 203-212.
Albert, L. S., & Horowitz, L. M. (2009). Attachment patterns and ethical behavior: Their relationship and significance in the marketplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 299-316. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9918-6
Albert, L. S., Allen, D. G., Biggane, J. E., & Ma, Q. K. (2015). Attachment and responses to employment dissolution. Human Resource Management Review, 25(1), 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j. hrmr.2014.06.004
Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376. doi: 10.1111/peps.12012
Alonso-Arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. (2007). A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 45-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00141.x
Blustein, D. L., Prezioso, M. S., & Schultheiss, D. P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 416-432.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-76). New York, NY: Guilford.
Brumbaugh, C. C., Baren, A., & Agishtein, P. (2014), Attraction to attachment insecurity: Flattery, appearance, and status’s role in mate preferences. Personal Relationships, 21, 288-308. doi: 10.1111/pere.12032
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Byrne, Z., Albert, L., Manning, S., & Desir, R. (2017). Relational models and engagement: an attachment theory perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(1). doi:10.1108/JMP-01-2016-0006
Bruck, C. S., & Allen, T. D. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 457–472. doi: 10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00040-4
Casper, W. J., Harris, C., Taylor-Bianco, A., & Wayne, J. H. (2011). Work-family conflict, perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among Brazilian professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 640-652. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.011
Colichi, R. M. B., Bocchi, S. C. M., Lima, S. A. M., & Popim, R. C. (2017). Interactions between Quality of Life at Work and Family: Integrative Review. International Archives of Medicine, 9(1). doi: 10.3823/2229
De Andrade, A. L., Oliveira, M. Z. de, & Hatfield, E. (2017). Conflito trabalho-família: Um estudo com brasileiros e norte-americanos [Work-family conflict: a study with brazilians and americans]. Revista Psicologia, Organizações e Trabalho, 17(2), 106–113. doi: 10.17652/rpot/2017.2.12738
De Hauw, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2015). Building a sustainable career: The role of work-home balance in career decision making. Handbook of research on sustainable careers, 13367-13367. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2014.13367abstract.
Feeney, J. A. (2008). Adult romantic attachment: Developments in the study of couple relationships. In J. Cassidy, & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp. 456-481). New York, NY: Guilford.
Fellows, K. J., Chiu, H. Y., Hill, E. J., & Hawkins, A. J. (2016). Work-Family Conflict and Couple Relationship Quality: A Meta-analytic Study. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 37(4), 509-518. doi: 10.1007/s10834-015-9450-7
Chris Fraley, R. (2002). Attachment Stability from Infancy to Adulthood: Meta-Analysis and Dynamic Modeling of Developmental Mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123–151. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
Goldberg, S., Muir, R., & Kerr, J. (Eds.). (2013). Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of vocational behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult attachment styles in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21(4), 285–296. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.006
Hart, J., Nailling, E., Bizer, G. Y., & Collins, C. K. (2015). Attachment theory as a framework for explaining engagement with Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.016.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270–280. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
Iskra-Golec, I., Barnes-Farrell, J., & Bohle, P. (Eds.). (2016). Social and Family Issues in Shift Work and Non-Standard Working Hours. New York, NY: Springer.
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2015). Censo Demográfico 2010 [Demographic Census 2010]. Retrieved from: https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm
Kim, Y. (2005). Emotional and cognitive consequences of adult attachment: The mediating effect of the self. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 913-923. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.010
Krausz, M., Bizman, A., & Braslavsky, D. (2001). Effects of attachment style on preferences for and satisfaction with different employment contracts: An exploratory study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(2), 299-316. doi: 10.1023/A:1011169419048
Leiter, M. P., Day, A., & Price, L. (2015). Attachment styles at work: Measurement, collegial relationships, and burnout. Burnout Research, 2(1), 25–35. doi: 10.1016/j.burn.2015.02.003
Lyness, K. S., & Erkovan, H. E. (2016). The changing dynamics of careers and the work-family interface. In T. D. Allen & L. T. Eby (Orgs.), The Oxford handbook of work and family (pp. 376-388). New York: Oxford University Press.
Malaquias, R. F., & Hwang, Y. (2016). An empirical study on trust in mobile banking: A developing country perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 453-461.doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.039
Mallinckrodt, B., & Wang, C. C. (2004). Quantitative methods for verifying semantic equivalence of translated research instruments: A Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(3), 368-379. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.3.368
Moen, P., Kaduk, A., Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L., Buxton, O. M., O’Donnell, E., Almeida, D., Fox, K., Tranby, E., Oakes, J. M., & Casper, L. (2015). Is work-family conflict a multilevel stressor linking job conditions to mental health? Evidence from the work, family and health network. Research in the Sociology of Work, 26, 177-217. doi: 10.1108/S0277-283320150000026014
Natividade, J. C., & Shiramizu, V. K. M. (2015). Uma medida de apego: versão brasileira da Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Reduzida (ECR-R-Brasil). [An attachment measure: Brazilian version of Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Short Form]. Psicologia USP, 26(3), 484–494. doi: 10.1590/0103-656420140086
Paiva, C. A., & Figueiredo, B. (2010). Study of validation of the Portuguese version of the inventory Experiences in Close Relationships. Interpersona, 4(2), 237-270. doi: 10.5964/ijpr.v4i2.51
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and Validation of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Picardi, A. Bitetti, D. Puddu, P. & Pasquini, P. (2000). La scala “Experiences in close relationships” (ECL), un nuovo strumento per la valutazione dell’attaccamento negli adulti: Traduzione, adattamento e validazione della versione italiana. [Further evidence of the validity of the Italian version of the questionnaire “Experiences in Close Relationships” (ECR), a self-report instrument to assess adult attachment] Rivista di Psichiatria, 35(3), 114-120.
Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. H. (2011). Attachment at (not to) work: An applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 169-182, doi: 10.1037/a0020372
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Attachment theory and research: Core concepts, basic principles, conceptual bridges. In A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 649-677). New York: The Guilford Press.
Shiramizu, V. K. M., Natividade, J. C., & Lopes, F. A. (2013). Evidências de validade do Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) Inventory para o Brasil. [Validate evidences of Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) Inventory to Brazil] Estudos de Psicologia, 18(3), 457-465. doi: 10.1590/S1413-294X2013000300006
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434
Sumer, H. C., & Knight, P. A. (2001). How do people with different attachment styles balance work and family? A personality perspective on work-family linkage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 653-663. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.653
Ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). A resource perspective on the work-home interface: The work-home resources model. American Psychologist, 67(7), 545. doi: 10.1037/a0027974
Tindall, G. B., & Shi, D. E. (2016). America: A narrative history. New York: WW Norton & Company.
Tokar, D. M., Withrow, J. R., Hall, R. J., & Moradi, B. (2003). Psychological separation, attachment security, vocational self-concept crystallization, and career indecision: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 3-19. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.3
Van Steenbergen, E. F., Kluwer, E. S., & Karney, B. R. (2014). Work-family enrichment, work-family conflict, and marital satisfaction: A dyadic analysis. Journal of occupational health psychology, 19(2), 182-194. doi: 10.1037/a0036011
Wachelke, J., Natividade, J., De Andrade, A., Wolter, R., & Camargo, B. (2014). Caracterização e Avaliação de um Procedimento de Coleta de Dados Online (CORP) [Characterization and Assessment of an Online Data Collection Procedure (CORP)]. Avaliação Psicológica, 13(1), 143-146.
Vieira, J. M., Ávila, M., & Matos, P. M. (2012). Attachment and parenting: The mediating role of work-family balance in Portuguese parents of preschool children. Family Relations, 61(1), 31–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00680.x
Wayne, J. H., Casper, W. J., Matthews, R. A., & Allen, T. D. (2013). Family-supportive organization perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of work-family conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 606. doi: 10.1037/a0032491
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-short form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204. doi: 10.1080/00223890701268041.
Wolfe, J. B., & Betz, N. E. (2004). The Relationship of Attachment Variables to Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy and Fear of Commitment. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(4), 363-369. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00952.x
Wright, S. L., & Perrone, K. M. (2008). The impact of attachment on career-related variables: A review of the literature and proposed theoretical framework to guide future research. Journal of Career Development, 35, 87-106. doi: 10.1177/0894845308325643
Aguiar, C. V. N., & Bastos, A. V. B. (2013). Tradução, adaptação e evidências de validade para a medida de Conflito trabalho-família. [Translation, adaptation and validity evidence for the measure of Work-Family Conflict] Avaliação psicológica, 12(2), 203-212.
Albert, L. S., & Horowitz, L. M. (2009). Attachment patterns and ethical behavior: Their relationship and significance in the marketplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(3), 299-316. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9918-6
Albert, L. S., Allen, D. G., Biggane, J. E., & Ma, Q. K. (2015). Attachment and responses to employment dissolution. Human Resource Management Review, 25(1), 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j. hrmr.2014.06.004
Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376. doi: 10.1111/peps.12012
Alonso-Arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. (2007). A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 45-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00141.x
Blustein, D. L., Prezioso, M. S., & Schultheiss, D. P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 416-432.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-76). New York, NY: Guilford.
Brumbaugh, C. C., Baren, A., & Agishtein, P. (2014), Attraction to attachment insecurity: Flattery, appearance, and status’s role in mate preferences. Personal Relationships, 21, 288-308. doi: 10.1111/pere.12032
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Byrne, Z., Albert, L., Manning, S., & Desir, R. (2017). Relational models and engagement: an attachment theory perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(1). doi:10.1108/JMP-01-2016-0006
Bruck, C. S., & Allen, T. D. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 457–472. doi: 10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00040-4
Casper, W. J., Harris, C., Taylor-Bianco, A., & Wayne, J. H. (2011). Work-family conflict, perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among Brazilian professionals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 640-652. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.011
Colichi, R. M. B., Bocchi, S. C. M., Lima, S. A. M., & Popim, R. C. (2017). Interactions between Quality of Life at Work and Family: Integrative Review. International Archives of Medicine, 9(1). doi: 10.3823/2229
De Andrade, A. L., Oliveira, M. Z. de, & Hatfield, E. (2017). Conflito trabalho-família: Um estudo com brasileiros e norte-americanos [Work-family conflict: a study with brazilians and americans]. Revista Psicologia, Organizações e Trabalho, 17(2), 106–113. doi: 10.17652/rpot/2017.2.12738
De Hauw, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2015). Building a sustainable career: The role of work-home balance in career decision making. Handbook of research on sustainable careers, 13367-13367. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2014.13367abstract.
Feeney, J. A. (2008). Adult romantic attachment: Developments in the study of couple relationships. In J. Cassidy, & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp. 456-481). New York, NY: Guilford.
Fellows, K. J., Chiu, H. Y., Hill, E. J., & Hawkins, A. J. (2016). Work-Family Conflict and Couple Relationship Quality: A Meta-analytic Study. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 37(4), 509-518. doi: 10.1007/s10834-015-9450-7
Chris Fraley, R. (2002). Attachment Stability from Infancy to Adulthood: Meta-Analysis and Dynamic Modeling of Developmental Mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123–151. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
Goldberg, S., Muir, R., & Kerr, J. (Eds.). (2013). Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of vocational behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult attachment styles in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21(4), 285–296. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.006
Hart, J., Nailling, E., Bizer, G. Y., & Collins, C. K. (2015). Attachment theory as a framework for explaining engagement with Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.016.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270–280. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
Iskra-Golec, I., Barnes-Farrell, J., & Bohle, P. (Eds.). (2016). Social and Family Issues in Shift Work and Non-Standard Working Hours. New York, NY: Springer.
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2015). Censo Demográfico 2010 [Demographic Census 2010]. Retrieved from: https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm
Kim, Y. (2005). Emotional and cognitive consequences of adult attachment: The mediating effect of the self. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 913-923. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.010
Krausz, M., Bizman, A., & Braslavsky, D. (2001). Effects of attachment style on preferences for and satisfaction with different employment contracts: An exploratory study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(2), 299-316. doi: 10.1023/A:1011169419048
Leiter, M. P., Day, A., & Price, L. (2015). Attachment styles at work: Measurement, collegial relationships, and burnout. Burnout Research, 2(1), 25–35. doi: 10.1016/j.burn.2015.02.003
Lyness, K. S., & Erkovan, H. E. (2016). The changing dynamics of careers and the work-family interface. In T. D. Allen & L. T. Eby (Orgs.), The Oxford handbook of work and family (pp. 376-388). New York: Oxford University Press.
Malaquias, R. F., & Hwang, Y. (2016). An empirical study on trust in mobile banking: A developing country perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 453-461.doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.039
Mallinckrodt, B., & Wang, C. C. (2004). Quantitative methods for verifying semantic equivalence of translated research instruments: A Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(3), 368-379. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.3.368
Moen, P., Kaduk, A., Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L., Buxton, O. M., O’Donnell, E., Almeida, D., Fox, K., Tranby, E., Oakes, J. M., & Casper, L. (2015). Is work-family conflict a multilevel stressor linking job conditions to mental health? Evidence from the work, family and health network. Research in the Sociology of Work, 26, 177-217. doi: 10.1108/S0277-283320150000026014
Natividade, J. C., & Shiramizu, V. K. M. (2015). Uma medida de apego: versão brasileira da Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Reduzida (ECR-R-Brasil). [An attachment measure: Brazilian version of Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Short Form]. Psicologia USP, 26(3), 484–494. doi: 10.1590/0103-656420140086
Paiva, C. A., & Figueiredo, B. (2010). Study of validation of the Portuguese version of the inventory Experiences in Close Relationships. Interpersona, 4(2), 237-270. doi: 10.5964/ijpr.v4i2.51
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and Validation of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Picardi, A. Bitetti, D. Puddu, P. & Pasquini, P. (2000). La scala “Experiences in close relationships” (ECL), un nuovo strumento per la valutazione dell’attaccamento negli adulti: Traduzione, adattamento e validazione della versione italiana. [Further evidence of the validity of the Italian version of the questionnaire “Experiences in Close Relationships” (ECR), a self-report instrument to assess adult attachment] Rivista di Psichiatria, 35(3), 114-120.
Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. H. (2011). Attachment at (not to) work: An applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 169-182, doi: 10.1037/a0020372
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Attachment theory and research: Core concepts, basic principles, conceptual bridges. In A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 649-677). New York: The Guilford Press.
Shiramizu, V. K. M., Natividade, J. C., & Lopes, F. A. (2013). Evidências de validade do Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) Inventory para o Brasil. [Validate evidences of Experience in Close Relationships (ECR) Inventory to Brazil] Estudos de Psicologia, 18(3), 457-465. doi: 10.1590/S1413-294X2013000300006
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434
Sumer, H. C., & Knight, P. A. (2001). How do people with different attachment styles balance work and family? A personality perspective on work-family linkage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 653-663. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.4.653
Ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). A resource perspective on the work-home interface: The work-home resources model. American Psychologist, 67(7), 545. doi: 10.1037/a0027974
Tindall, G. B., & Shi, D. E. (2016). America: A narrative history. New York: WW Norton & Company.
Tokar, D. M., Withrow, J. R., Hall, R. J., & Moradi, B. (2003). Psychological separation, attachment security, vocational self-concept crystallization, and career indecision: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 3-19. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.3
Van Steenbergen, E. F., Kluwer, E. S., & Karney, B. R. (2014). Work-family enrichment, work-family conflict, and marital satisfaction: A dyadic analysis. Journal of occupational health psychology, 19(2), 182-194. doi: 10.1037/a0036011
Wachelke, J., Natividade, J., De Andrade, A., Wolter, R., & Camargo, B. (2014). Caracterização e Avaliação de um Procedimento de Coleta de Dados Online (CORP) [Characterization and Assessment of an Online Data Collection Procedure (CORP)]. Avaliação Psicológica, 13(1), 143-146.
Vieira, J. M., Ávila, M., & Matos, P. M. (2012). Attachment and parenting: The mediating role of work-family balance in Portuguese parents of preschool children. Family Relations, 61(1), 31–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00680.x
Wayne, J. H., Casper, W. J., Matthews, R. A., & Allen, T. D. (2013). Family-supportive organization perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of work-family conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 606. doi: 10.1037/a0032491
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-short form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204. doi: 10.1080/00223890701268041.
Wolfe, J. B., & Betz, N. E. (2004). The Relationship of Attachment Variables to Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy and Fear of Commitment. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(4), 363-369. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00952.x
Wright, S. L., & Perrone, K. M. (2008). The impact of attachment on career-related variables: A review of the literature and proposed theoretical framework to guide future research. Journal of Career Development, 35, 87-106. doi: 10.1177/0894845308325643
Downloads
Published
2018-10-22
How to Cite
de Andrade, A. L., Ziebell de Oliveira, M., Knowles, C. M., de Carvalho Bonifácio Neto, H., & Hatfield, E. (2018). Relational models and work-family conflict: a study with samples from Brazil and the United States of America. Ciencias Psicológicas, 12(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i2.1679
Issue
Section
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
