Comparison of light and deep sleep through heart rate variability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i2.1884Keywords:
cardiovascular activity, heart rate variability, NREM sleep, non-linear analysisAbstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis allows a non-invasive assessment of the cardiovascular activity. It has been reported that HRV shows differences between REM and NREM sleep. However, there are inconsistencies in the HRV evaluation of NREM sleep, since there are studies that divide it into light and deep sleep and others do not. The objective of this research was to determine if there were differences between these two types of sleep in 12 measures of HRV. Polysomnography of 24 healthy volunteers was obtained during two consecutive nights. Significant differences were found between both sleep types in the measurements of the time domain SDNN and LogHRV, also in measurements of the non-linear domain SD2 and α1. These measures are characterized by providing indicators of the variability in cardiac function. It is concluded that at least these measures would justify the division of the NREM sleep in light and deep sleep.
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References
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Toscani, L., Gangemi, P. F., & Silipo, R. (1996). Human heart rate variability and sleep stages. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 17(6), 437-439. doi: 10.1007/BF01997720
Trinder, J., Kleiman, J., Carrington, M., Smith, S., Breen, S., Tan N. & Kim, Y. (2001). Autonomic activity during human sleep as a function of time and sleep stage. Journal of Sleep Research, 10(4), 253-264. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00263.x
Young, H. & Benton, D. (2015). We should be using nonlinear indices when relating heart-rate dynamics to cognition and mood. Scientific Reports, 5, 16619. doi: 10.1038/srep16619
Allen, J. J., Chambers, A. S. & Towers, D. N. (2007). The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: A pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics. Biological Psychology, 74 (2), 243-262. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.005
Ako, M., Kawara, T. & Uchida, S. (2003). Correlation between electroencephalography and heart rate variability during sleep. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57 (1), 59-65. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01080.x
Berntson, G. G., Bigger, J. T., Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., Malik, M.,… Van der Molen, M. (1997). Heart rate variability: Origins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34 (6), 623-648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x
Billman, G. E. (2011). Heart rate variability - a historical perspective. Frontiers in Physiology, 2, 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00086
Brennan, M., Palaniswami, M. & Kamen, P. (2001). Do existing measures of Poincare plot geometry reflect nonlinear features of heart rate variability? IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 48 (11), 1342-1347. doi: 10.1109/10.959330
Carskadon, M. A. & Dement, W. C. (2017). Normal human sleep: an overview. En M. H. Kryger, T. Roth y W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (pp. 15-24). Philadelphia PA: Elsevier.
Ernst, G. (2017). Heart rate variability – More than heart beats? Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 240. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00240
Goldberger, A. L. (1997). Fractal variability versus pathologic periodicity: complexity loss and stereotypy in disease. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 40 (4), 543-561. doi: 10.1353/pbm.1997.0063
Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequential rejective method procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6 (2), 65-70. doi: 10.2307/4615733
Iber, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., Chesson, A. L. & Quan, S. F. (2007). The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Laborde, S., Mosley, E. & Thayer, J. (2017). Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research – Recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-18. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213
Laguna, P., Moody, G. B. & Mark, R. G. (1998). Power spectral density of unevenly sampled data by least -square analysis: performance and application to heart rate signals. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 45 (6), 698-715. doi:10.1109/10.678605
Lanfranchi, P. A., Pépin, J. & Somers, V. K. (2017). Cardiovascular physiology: autonomic control in health and in sleep disorders. En M. Kryger, T. Roth & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (pp. 142-154). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Mikoteit, T., De Witte, M., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J. & Pawlowski, M. (2019). Sleep stage related heart rate variability distinguishes between insomnia and normal sleep. Pharmacopsychiatry, 52 (2), 97. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1679147
Ogilvie, R. D. (2001). The process of falling asleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 5(3), 247-270. doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0145
Penzel, T., Kantelhardt, J. W., Becker, H. F., Peter, J. H. & Bunde, A. (2003). Detrended fluctuation analysis and spectral analysis of heart rate variability for sleep stage and sleep apnea identification. Computers in Cardiology, 30, 307-310. doi: 10.1109/CIC.2003.1291152
Richman, J. & Moorman, J. (2000). Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 278 (6), H2039-2049. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039
Shaffer, F. & Ginsberg, J. P. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 218. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258
Silvani, A. (2008). Physiological sleep-dependent changes in arterial blood pressure: central autonomic commands and baroreflex control. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 35(9), 987-994. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04985.x
Stein, P.K. & Pu, Y. (2012). Heart rate variability, sleep and sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16 (1), 47-66. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.005
Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J. P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-aho, P. O. & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV – Heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 113 (1), 210-220. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024
Task Force of the European society of cardiology and the North American Society of pacing and Electrophysiology (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. European Heart Journal, 17, 354-381. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868
Tobaldini. E., Nobili, L., Strada, S., Casali, K. R., Braghiroli, A. & Montano, N. (2013). Heart rate variability in normal and pathological sleep. Frontiers in Physiology, 4, 294. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00294
Toscani, L., Gangemi, P. F., & Silipo, R. (1996). Human heart rate variability and sleep stages. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 17(6), 437-439. doi: 10.1007/BF01997720
Trinder, J., Kleiman, J., Carrington, M., Smith, S., Breen, S., Tan N. & Kim, Y. (2001). Autonomic activity during human sleep as a function of time and sleep stage. Journal of Sleep Research, 10(4), 253-264. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00263.x
Young, H. & Benton, D. (2015). We should be using nonlinear indices when relating heart-rate dynamics to cognition and mood. Scientific Reports, 5, 16619. doi: 10.1038/srep16619
Published
2019-10-03
How to Cite
Mateos Salgado, E. L., Ayala Guerrero, F., Pontones Pérez, K. A., & Gutiérrez Chávez, C. A. (2019). Comparison of light and deep sleep through heart rate variability. Ciencias Psicológicas, 13(2), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i2.1884
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