MILD POSITIVE CORRELATION OF THE 2D:4D RATIO AND AGGRESSIVE DOMINANCE, BUT NOT SOCIABLE DOMINANCE, IN JUNIOR SOCCER PLAYERS FROM AN URUGUAYAN FIRST DIVISION TEAM

Authors

  • Álvaro Mailhos Universidad Católica del Uruguay
  • Abraham P. Buunk Universidad de Groningen
  • Denise del Arca Universidad Católica del Uruguay

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v7i1.1055

Keywords:

2D, 4D, aggressive dominance, sociable dominance, personality, prenatal testosterone

Abstract

There is considerable evidence supporting the existence of a difference in levels of aggression between men and women. It has also been proposed that testosterone levels could be related to aggressive behavior. This study explores the possible correlation of two different forms of dominance -sociable and aggressive dominance- and an indirect measure of fetal testosterone levels, the 2D:4D ratio, in a group of soccer players from the formative categories of a First Division team in Uruguay. The results obtained show a mild positive correlation of the 2D:4D ratio and aggressive dominance, but not sociable dominance. This paper discusses the results in the light of conflicting observations made in other populations. Additionally, basic psychometric properties of the sociable- and aggressive dominance scales applied in this study are presented.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Archer, J. (2009). Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(3/4), 249–311. doi:10.1017/S0140525X09990951

Bailey, A. A., & Hurd, P. L. (2005). Depression in men is associated with more feminine finger length ratios. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(4), 829–836. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.017

Bao, A.-M., & Swaab, D. F. (2011). Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 32(2), 214–26. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.007

Brame, B., Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Developmental trajectories of physical aggression from school entry to late adolescence. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 42(4), 503–512. Recuperado de http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11383966

Brown, W. M., Hines, M., Fane, B. A., & Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Masculinized Finger Length Patterns in Human Males and Females with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Hormones and Behavior, 42(4), 380–386. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830

Campbell, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(3), 237–264.

Clutton-Brock, T. H., & Vincent, A. C. J. (1991). Sexual selection and the potential reproductive rates of males and females. Nature, 351, 58–60

Coates, J. M., Gurnell, M., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts success among high-frequency financial traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(2), 623–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810907106

Geen, R. G. (2001). Human Aggression (2nd ed.) Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press

Golby, J., & Meggs, J. (2011). Exploring the organizational effect of prenatal testosterone upon the sporting brain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 445–451.

Grimbos, T., Dawood, K., Burriss, R. P., Zucker, K. J., & Puts, D. a. (2010). Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: A meta-analysis in men and women. Behavioral Neuroscience, 124(2), 278–87. doi:10.1037/a0018764

Hines, M. (2006). Prenatal testosterone and gender-related behaviour. European Journal of Endocrinology, 155 Suppl, S115–21. doi:10.1530/eje.1.02236

Hönekopp, J., & Watson, S. (2011). Meta-analysis of the relationship between digit-ratio 2D:4D and aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(4), 381–386. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.003

Kalma, A. P., Visser, L., & Peeters, A. (1993). Sociable and aggressive dominance: Personality differences in leadership style? The Leadership Quarterly, 4(l), 45–64.

Knickmeyer, C. R., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). Fetal testosterone and sex differences. Early Human Development, 82(12), 755–60. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.014

Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., & Manning, J. T. (2004). 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Human Development, 77(1-2), 23–8. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002

Luxen, M. F., & Buunk, B. P. (2005). Second-to-fourth digit ratio related to Verbal and Numerical Intelligence and the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 959–966. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.016

Manning, J., Barley, L., Walton, J., Lewis-Jones, D., Trivers, R., Singh, D., … Szwed, A. (2000). The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success. evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? Evolution and Human Behavior, 21(3), 163–183.

Manning, J. T., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Sanders, G. (2001). The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43(3), 160–4.

Manning, J. T., Scutt, D., Wilson, J., & Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Human Reproduction, 13(11), 3000–4.

Manning, J. T., & Taylor, R. P. (2001). Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(1), 61–69.

Mazur, A. (1973). A Cross-Species Comparison of Status in Small Established Groups. American Sociological Review, 38(5), 513–530.

Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(3), 353–97.

Morris, J. A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2004). Sexual differentiation of the vertebrate nervous system. Nature Neuroscience, 7(10), 1034–9. doi:10.1038/nn1325

Muñoz-Reyes, J. A., Gil-Burmann, C., Fink, B., & Turiegano, E. (2012). Physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness in adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology, 24(5), 611–617. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22281

Phoenix, C., Goy, R., Gerall, A., & Young, W. (1959). Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology, 65, 369–82.

Romano, M., Rubolini, D., Martinelli, R., Bonisoli Alquati, A., & Saino, N. (2005). Experimental manipulation of yolk testosterone affects digit length ratios in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Hormones and Behavior, 48(3), 342–6. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.03.007

Simpson, K. (2001). The Role of Testosterone in Aggression. McGill Journal of Medicine, 6(1), 32–40.

Tickle, C., & Eichele, G. (1994). Vertebrate limb development. Annual Review of Cell Biology, 10, 121–52. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.001005

van der Meij, L., Almela, M., Buunk, A. P., Dubbs, S., & Salvador, A. (2012). 2D:4D in men is related to aggressive dominance but not to sociable dominance. Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 208–12. doi:10.1002/ab.21422

Voracek, M. (2013). Differential Correlations of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) with Aggressive Dominance and Sociable Dominance Are Not Demonstrated: Commentary on van der Meij, Almela, Buunk, Dubbs, and Salvador (2012, Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 208-212). Aggressive Behavior, 39(2), 85–7. doi:10.1002/ab.21463

Weinberg, S. M., Scott, N. M., Neiswanger, K., & Marazita, M. L. (2005). Intraobserver error associated with measurements of the hand. American Journal of Human Biology, 17(3), 368–371. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20129

Zakany, J., & Duboule, D. (2007). The role of Hox genes during vertebrate limb development. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 17(4), 359–66. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2007.05.011

Zheng, Z., & Cohn, M. J. (2011). Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(39), 16289–16294. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108312108

Published

2013-11-30

How to Cite

Mailhos, Álvaro, Buunk, A. P., & del Arca, D. (2013). MILD POSITIVE CORRELATION OF THE 2D:4D RATIO AND AGGRESSIVE DOMINANCE, BUT NOT SOCIABLE DOMINANCE, IN JUNIOR SOCCER PLAYERS FROM AN URUGUAYAN FIRST DIVISION TEAM. Ciencias Psicológicas, 7(1), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v7i1.1055

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

> >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.