Spirituality and Personality within the framework of The Big Five
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595Keywords:
spirituality, religiosity, personality, big five, sixth factorAbstract
The present study aimed at assessing, in our context, whether the previously mentioned constructs emerge as a distinct factor within the model of the Big Five. The study used a non-probabilistic, intentional sample composed of 186 subjects between the ages of 18 and 28 years old from the city of Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina. Two exploratory factor analysis were performed.The results show that those aspects related to spirituality and religiousness - except for the sub-dimension connectedness- constituted an independent and non-redundant factor with the model of the Big Five. These findings, in line with other studies, enable to assess the role of spirituality and religiousness within a theory of personality, and thus provide a more holistic understanding of individual differences in human personality.
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References
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Larsen, R. J., & Buss D. M. (2005). Psicología de la personalidad: dominios de conocimiento sobre la naturaleza humana. México: McGraw Hill.
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Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (2004). Trastornos de la personalidad: más allá del DSM-IV. Barcelona: Masson.
Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer-nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985- 1013. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00080
Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 4-14.
Piedmont, R. L. (2004). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual. Baltimore: Author.
Piedmont, R. L. (2007). The relations among spirituality and religiosity and Axis II functioning in two college samples. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 53-73. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.24
Piedmont, R. L. (2008). A psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale: short form. Research in the Social Study of Religion, 19, 163-182. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004166462.i-299.55
Piedmont, R. L. (2009). The contribution of religiousness and spirituality to subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life. En M. de Souza, L. J. Francis, J. O'Higgins-Norman, & D. G. Scott (Eds.). International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing (pp. 89-105). London: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9_6
Piedmont, R. L., & Leach, M. M. (2002). Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(12), 1888-1901. doi: 10.1177/0002764202045012011
Piedmont, R. L., Ciarrochi, J. W., Dy-Liacco, G., & Williams, J. E. (2009). The empirical and conceptual value of the Spiritual Trascendent and Religious Involvement Scales for personality Research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 162-179. doi: 10.1037/a0015883
Piedmont, R. L., & Wilkins, T. A. (2013). The role of personality in understanding religious and spiritual constructs. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed.) (pp. 292-311). New York: The Guilford press.
Richaud de Minzi, M.C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2001, octubre). Adaptación Argentina del NEO PI R (Comunicación Libre).V Jornadas de Integración Psicológica. Universidad Adventista del Plata. Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos.
Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2004). Diferencias entre el español y el argentino en el Neo Pi R: su influencia sobre la validez constructiva. Psicodiagnosticar, 13, 27-45.
Robins, R. W., Fraley, R. C., & Krueger, R. F. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
Saroglou, V. (2014). Introduction: Studying religion in personality and social psychology. En V. Saroglou (Ed.) Religion, personality, and social behavior. (pp.1-28). New York: Psychology Press. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9598-1
Simkin, H. (2017). Adaptación y Validación al Español de la Escala de Evaluación de Espiritualidad y Sentimientos Religiosos (ASPIRES): la trascendencia espiritual en el modelo de los cinco factores. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.aeee
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate analysis. (6a ed.) Reino Unido: Pearson New International Edition.
Tornimbeni, S., Pérez, E., Olaz, F., de Kohan, N. C., Fernández, A., & Cupani, M. (2008). Introducción a la psicometría. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Tupes, E.C. & Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. USAF ASD Tech. Rep. nº 61-97. Lackland Air Force Base, TX: U.S. Air Force. (reeditado en: Journal of Personality, 1992, 60(2).
Weaver, A. J., Pargament, K. I., Flanelly, K. J., & Oppenheimer, J. E. (2006) Trends in the Scientific Study of Religion, Spirituality, and Health: 1965–2000. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 208-214. doi: 10.1007/s10943-006-9011-3
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological methodology, 8, 84-136. doi: 10.2307/270754
Yang, Y.-J., & Chiu, C. (2009). Mapping the structure and dynamics of psychological knowledge: Forty years of APA journal citations (1970– 2009). Review of General Psychology, 13, 349–356. doi:10.1037/a0017195
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 879-919. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00077
Benet-Martínez, V., Donnellan, M. B., Fleeson, W., Fraley, R. C., Gosling, S. D., King, L. A., Robin R. W., & Funder, D. C. (2015). Six visions for the future of personality psychology. En M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver (Eds.) APA handbook of personality and social psychology. (pp. 665-689). American Psychological Association.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Browner, M.W., & Crudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. En K.A. Bollen & J.S. Long (Eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park: Sage.
Cattell, R. B. (1950). Personality a systematic theoretical and factual study. New York: McGraw Hill. doi: 10.1037/10773-000
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. En P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.) Life span development and behaviour. (3rd. ed.) (pp. 65-102). New York: Academic Press.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Cupani, M., Sánchez, D. A., Gross, M., Chiepa, J., & Dean, R. (2013). El modelo de los cinco factores y su relación con los trastornos de personalidad. Revista Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(2), 31-46.
Depaula, P. D., & Azzollini, S. C. (2013). Análisis del modelo Big Five de la personalidad como predictor de la inteligencia cultural. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 5(1), 35-43.
De las Heras, J. (2010). Conoce tu personalidad: Por qué eres como eres. Madrid: La esfera de los libros.
Eysenck, H. J. (1976). The measurement of personality. London: University Park Press. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-6168-8
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.00 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assesment, 4, 26-42. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26
Hampson, S. (Ed.) (2000). Advances in Personality Psychology (Vol. 1). London: Psychology Press.
Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2008). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1037/1941-1022.S.1.3
Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1), 51-77. doi: 10.1111/1468-5914.00119
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Koenig, H. G. (2008). Medicine, religion, and health: Where science and spirituality meet. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Templeton Foundation Press.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Carson, V. B. (2001). Handbook of Religion and Health. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Larsen, R. J., & Buss D. M. (2005). Psicología de la personalidad: dominios de conocimiento sobre la naturaleza humana. México: McGraw Hill.
Lorenzo Seva, U., & Ferrando Piera, P.J. (2012). Manual of the Program FACTOR. Recuperado de http://psico. fcep.urv.es/utilitats/factor/
MacDonald, D. A. (2000). Spirituality: Description, measurement, and relation to the five factor model of personality. Journal of personality, 68(1), 153-197. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.t01-1-00094
Maltby, J., Day, L., & Macaskill, A. (2013). Personality, individual differences and intelligence. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (2004). Trastornos de la personalidad: más allá del DSM-IV. Barcelona: Masson.
Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer-nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985- 1013. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00080
Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 4-14.
Piedmont, R. L. (2004). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual. Baltimore: Author.
Piedmont, R. L. (2007). The relations among spirituality and religiosity and Axis II functioning in two college samples. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 53-73. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.24
Piedmont, R. L. (2008). A psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale: short form. Research in the Social Study of Religion, 19, 163-182. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004166462.i-299.55
Piedmont, R. L. (2009). The contribution of religiousness and spirituality to subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life. En M. de Souza, L. J. Francis, J. O'Higgins-Norman, & D. G. Scott (Eds.). International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing (pp. 89-105). London: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9_6
Piedmont, R. L., & Leach, M. M. (2002). Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(12), 1888-1901. doi: 10.1177/0002764202045012011
Piedmont, R. L., Ciarrochi, J. W., Dy-Liacco, G., & Williams, J. E. (2009). The empirical and conceptual value of the Spiritual Trascendent and Religious Involvement Scales for personality Research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 162-179. doi: 10.1037/a0015883
Piedmont, R. L., & Wilkins, T. A. (2013). The role of personality in understanding religious and spiritual constructs. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed.) (pp. 292-311). New York: The Guilford press.
Richaud de Minzi, M.C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2001, octubre). Adaptación Argentina del NEO PI R (Comunicación Libre).V Jornadas de Integración Psicológica. Universidad Adventista del Plata. Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos.
Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2004). Diferencias entre el español y el argentino en el Neo Pi R: su influencia sobre la validez constructiva. Psicodiagnosticar, 13, 27-45.
Robins, R. W., Fraley, R. C., & Krueger, R. F. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
Saroglou, V. (2014). Introduction: Studying religion in personality and social psychology. En V. Saroglou (Ed.) Religion, personality, and social behavior. (pp.1-28). New York: Psychology Press. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9598-1
Simkin, H. (2017). Adaptación y Validación al Español de la Escala de Evaluación de Espiritualidad y Sentimientos Religiosos (ASPIRES): la trascendencia espiritual en el modelo de los cinco factores. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.aeee
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate analysis. (6a ed.) Reino Unido: Pearson New International Edition.
Tornimbeni, S., Pérez, E., Olaz, F., de Kohan, N. C., Fernández, A., & Cupani, M. (2008). Introducción a la psicometría. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Tupes, E.C. & Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. USAF ASD Tech. Rep. nº 61-97. Lackland Air Force Base, TX: U.S. Air Force. (reeditado en: Journal of Personality, 1992, 60(2).
Weaver, A. J., Pargament, K. I., Flanelly, K. J., & Oppenheimer, J. E. (2006) Trends in the Scientific Study of Religion, Spirituality, and Health: 1965–2000. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 208-214. doi: 10.1007/s10943-006-9011-3
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological methodology, 8, 84-136. doi: 10.2307/270754
Yang, Y.-J., & Chiu, C. (2009). Mapping the structure and dynamics of psychological knowledge: Forty years of APA journal citations (1970– 2009). Review of General Psychology, 13, 349–356. doi:10.1037/a0017195
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 879-919. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00077
Published
2018-05-08
How to Cite
Lemos, V., & Oñate, M. E. (2018). Spirituality and Personality within the framework of The Big Five. Ciencias Psicológicas, 12(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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The reproduction rights of the article are granted under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), open access system.
