Actitudes declaradas del personal de enfermería sobre sedación paliativa hospitalaria y ambulatoria: una revisión de alcance

María Andrea Castro-Bernal; Katerin Cristina Piedrahita Cárdenas; Lina María Vargas-Escobar

doi:10.22235/ech.v14i2.4469

Autores

María Andrea Castro-Bernal Universidad El Bosque https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-6908
Katerin Cristina Piedrahita Cárdenas Universidad El Bosque https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5451-5332
Lina María Vargas-Escobar Universidad El Bosque https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0052-5467

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/ech.v14i2.4469

Palavras-chave:

sedación, enfermería, actitudes, atención ambulatoria, cuidado paliativo

Resumo

Introdução: O papel da enfermagem na sedação paliativa consiste em oferecer um suporte integral ao paciente e à sua família por meio dessa intervenção, utilizada para o manejo de sintomas refratários que não respondem aos tratamentos convencionais. Objetivo: Explorar as atitudes declaradas de enfermeiros frente à sedação paliativa nos contextos hospitalar e ambulatorial, conforme descrito na literatura científica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus e ScienceDirect, por artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2024, seguindo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Resultados: Foram analisados 15 artigos, cujos dados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: conhecimentos específicos; fatores relacionados às crenças, valores e percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem; e aspectos relativos ao suporte emocional e às necessidades educativas. Discussão: Enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de cuidados paliativos enfrentam desafios significativos no manejo do sofrimento e da incerteza antes e durante a administração da sedação paliativa, tanto em relação ao paciente quanto à sua família. As atitudes frente a essa prática variam conforme o contexto assistencial, seja hospitalar ou ambulatorial. Conclusões: A formação continuada e a colaboração interdisciplinar são fundamentais para o fortalecimento da prática de enfermagem, reconhecendo a sedação paliativa como uma intervenção essencial para atender às necessidades dos pacientes e de seus familiares. O nível de conhecimento sobre essa terapia varia conforme a experiência prévia e o ambiente de atuação profissional.

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