Erros pré-analíticos em laboratórios clínicos: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/ech.v13i2.4223Palavras-chave:
análise química do sangue, qualidade da atenção à saúde, fase pré-analítica, testes laboratoriaisResumo
Introdução: Um manejo adequado da fase pré-analítica é crucial para os profissionais de enfermagem, pois garante a precisão e a confiabilidade dos resultados laboratoriais, fundamentais para diagnósticos e tratamentos eficazes. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura disponível os erros pré-analíticos em laboratórios clínicos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa por meio das bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Scielo. Foram utilizados os critérios PRISMA para selecionar e avaliar estudos relevantes publicados entre 2019 e 2024. Os estudos selecionados foram avaliados criticamente e sintetizados utilizando o método de comparação constante: redução de dados, visualização de dados, comparação de dados e elaboração de conclusões. Resultados: Foram inicialmente identificados 80 artigos (PubMed = 66, Scopus = 14, Scielo = 0), dos quais 34 estudos cumpriram os critérios de seleção para esta revisão. Identificou-se que os erros pré-analíticos são predominantes, representando uma alta porcentagem de erros laboratoriais, sendo a má preparação e o manejo inadequado de amostras as causas mais comuns. Esses erros aumentam os custos e comprometem a qualidade diagnóstica. Conclusão: A padronização de procedimentos e a capacitação da equipe são essenciais para reduzir esses erros e melhorar a segurança do paciente.
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