Definiciones para “cuidados paliativos”, “final de vida” y “enfermedad terminal” en oncología: scoping review
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https://doi.org/10.22235/ech.v9i2.2317Palabras clave:
Cuidados paliativos, enfermedad critica, cuidados paliativos al final de la vida, oncología médica, investigación cualitativaResumen
Objetivo: Identificar y mapear las definiciones de cuidados paliativos, fin de vida y enfermedad terminal en la literatura en oncología. Materiales y método: scoping review basada en los supuestos del Joanna Briggs Institute. Se analizaron 51 artículos originales, publicados entre 2012 y 2017, indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus. Se consultaron los sitios web de 25 sociedades de cuidados paliativos de los países mejor clasificados en The Economist's Quality of Death Ranking. Los datos fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva y se resumieron por temas, en este caso, las definiciones. Resultados: enfermedad terminal se trata de una enfermedad con tiempo de vida que oscila entre horas y meses; hay un empeoramiento clínico; deterioro funcional y la presencia de metástasis. Los cuidados paliativos tienen por propósito la calidad de vida y la dignidad. El final de la vida comprende el período de hasta 12 meses antes de la muerte. Conclusiones: se ha construido síntesis y definiciones para los conceptos investigados, siendo posible contribuir para adopción de un lenguaje estandarizado en los cuidados e investigaciones junto a los pacientes oncológicos en fin de vida.
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