Las tareas ilegítimas y su relación con el burnout  en el contexto educacional. El rol de la identidad laboral

Claudio Esteban Picón Chapana; Mauricio E. Garrido Vásquez

doi:10.22235/cp.v18i2.3771

Autores

Claudio Esteban Picón Chapana University of Concepción https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1999-3332
Mauricio E. Garrido Vásquez University of Concepción https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-4308

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i2.3771

Palavras-chave:

tarefas ilegitimas, Burnout, estresse laboral, identidade laboral, mediação

Resumo

As tarefas ilegítimas são definidas como atribuições que os empregados consideram injustas e desnecessárias, as quais podem causar estresse laboral e afetar a identidade laboral, aumentando, por sua vez, os níveis de burnout, especialmente em organizações complexas. O presente estudo propõe que a identidade laboral desempenha um papel mediador na relação entre as tarefas ilegítimas e o burnout; portanto, quanto maior a percepção de tarefas ilegítimas, o empregado reportará menores níveis de identidade laboral e maiores níveis de burnout. Para avaliar essa relação, um grupo de 135 trabalhadores de uma instituição educacional chilena respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e aos instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), e Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). O estudo empregou um design longitudinal, com coletas de dados realizadas em dois momentos (T1 e T2), com um intervalo de seis semanas entre eles. Em primeiro lugar, foram realizadas análises considerando apenas os dados de T1 e, posteriormente, análises que incluíram ambos os períodos de medição (T1 e T2). Os resultados revelaram que as tarefas ilegítimas têm um efeito direto sobre o burnout maior do que o efeito mediado pela identidade laboral e que as tarefas ilegítimas teriam um efeito significativo direto sobre o burnout, mas não sobre o burnout reportado seis semanas depois. As tarefas ilegítimas têm um impacto direto no esgotamento laboral e a identidade laboral atua como um fator mediador nesta relação. É essencial que, dentro do âmbito organizacional, se reconheça a relevância destas variáveis. Otimizar as condições de trabalho e reforçar a identidade laboral não só beneficia aos empregados, mas também as organizações.

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