LA RELACIÓN 2D:4D MUESTRA UNA LEVE CORRELACIÓN POSITIVA CON LA DOMINANCIA AGRESIVA, PERO NO CON LA DOMINANCIA SOCIAL, EN JUGADORES DE FÚTBOL DE CATEGORÍAS FORMATIVAS DE UN EQUIPO DE PRIMERA DIVISIÓN EN URUGUAY

Álvaro Mailhos; Abraham P. Buunk; Denise del Arca

doi:10.22235/cp.v7i1.1055

Autores/as

Álvaro Mailhos Universidad Católica del Uruguay
Abraham P. Buunk Universidad de Groningen
Denise del Arca Universidad Católica del Uruguay

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v7i1.1055

Palabras clave:

2D, 4D, dominancia social, dominancia agresiva, personalidad, testosterona prenatal

Resumen

Existe considerable evidencia que apoya la existencia de una diferencia en los niveles de agresividad entre hombres y mujeres. Se ha propuesto además que los niveles de testosterona (T) estarían relacionados con las conductas agresivas. En este estudio se explora la eventual correlación entre dos formas de dominancia -la dominancia social y la dominancia agresiva- y una medida indirecta de los niveles de T fetal, la relación 2D:4D, en un grupo de jugadores de fútbol de las categorías formativas de un equipo de Primera División del Uruguay. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una leve correlación positiva de la relación 2D:4D y la dominancia agresiva, pero no con la dominancia social. En este trabajo se discuten los resultados a la luz de observaciones dispares observadas en otras poblaciones y se presentan algunas propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de dominancia social y agresiva empleadas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Archer, J. (2009). Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(3/4), 249–311. doi:10.1017/S0140525X09990951

Bailey, A. A., & Hurd, P. L. (2005). Depression in men is associated with more feminine finger length ratios. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(4), 829–836. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.017

Bao, A.-M., & Swaab, D. F. (2011). Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 32(2), 214–26. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.007

Brame, B., Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Developmental trajectories of physical aggression from school entry to late adolescence. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 42(4), 503–512. Recuperado de http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11383966

Brown, W. M., Hines, M., Fane, B. A., & Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Masculinized Finger Length Patterns in Human Males and Females with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Hormones and Behavior, 42(4), 380–386. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830

Campbell, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression: What are the psychological mediators? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(3), 237–264.

Clutton-Brock, T. H., & Vincent, A. C. J. (1991). Sexual selection and the potential reproductive rates of males and females. Nature, 351, 58–60

Coates, J. M., Gurnell, M., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts success among high-frequency financial traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(2), 623–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810907106

Geen, R. G. (2001). Human Aggression (2nd ed.) Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press

Golby, J., & Meggs, J. (2011). Exploring the organizational effect of prenatal testosterone upon the sporting brain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 445–451.

Grimbos, T., Dawood, K., Burriss, R. P., Zucker, K. J., & Puts, D. a. (2010). Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: A meta-analysis in men and women. Behavioral Neuroscience, 124(2), 278–87. doi:10.1037/a0018764

Hines, M. (2006). Prenatal testosterone and gender-related behaviour. European Journal of Endocrinology, 155 Suppl, S115–21. doi:10.1530/eje.1.02236

Hönekopp, J., & Watson, S. (2011). Meta-analysis of the relationship between digit-ratio 2D:4D and aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(4), 381–386. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.003

Kalma, A. P., Visser, L., & Peeters, A. (1993). Sociable and aggressive dominance: Personality differences in leadership style? The Leadership Quarterly, 4(l), 45–64.

Knickmeyer, C. R., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). Fetal testosterone and sex differences. Early Human Development, 82(12), 755–60. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.014

Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., & Manning, J. T. (2004). 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Human Development, 77(1-2), 23–8. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002

Luxen, M. F., & Buunk, B. P. (2005). Second-to-fourth digit ratio related to Verbal and Numerical Intelligence and the Big Five. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(5), 959–966. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.016

Manning, J., Barley, L., Walton, J., Lewis-Jones, D., Trivers, R., Singh, D., … Szwed, A. (2000). The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success. evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? Evolution and Human Behavior, 21(3), 163–183.

Manning, J. T., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Sanders, G. (2001). The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43(3), 160–4.

Manning, J. T., Scutt, D., Wilson, J., & Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Human Reproduction, 13(11), 3000–4.

Manning, J. T., & Taylor, R. P. (2001). Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22(1), 61–69.

Mazur, A. (1973). A Cross-Species Comparison of Status in Small Established Groups. American Sociological Review, 38(5), 513–530.

Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(3), 353–97.

Morris, J. A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2004). Sexual differentiation of the vertebrate nervous system. Nature Neuroscience, 7(10), 1034–9. doi:10.1038/nn1325

Muñoz-Reyes, J. A., Gil-Burmann, C., Fink, B., & Turiegano, E. (2012). Physical strength, fighting ability, and aggressiveness in adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology, 24(5), 611–617. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22281

Phoenix, C., Goy, R., Gerall, A., & Young, W. (1959). Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology, 65, 369–82.

Romano, M., Rubolini, D., Martinelli, R., Bonisoli Alquati, A., & Saino, N. (2005). Experimental manipulation of yolk testosterone affects digit length ratios in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Hormones and Behavior, 48(3), 342–6. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.03.007

Simpson, K. (2001). The Role of Testosterone in Aggression. McGill Journal of Medicine, 6(1), 32–40.

Tickle, C., & Eichele, G. (1994). Vertebrate limb development. Annual Review of Cell Biology, 10, 121–52. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.001005

van der Meij, L., Almela, M., Buunk, A. P., Dubbs, S., & Salvador, A. (2012). 2D:4D in men is related to aggressive dominance but not to sociable dominance. Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 208–12. doi:10.1002/ab.21422

Voracek, M. (2013). Differential Correlations of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) with Aggressive Dominance and Sociable Dominance Are Not Demonstrated: Commentary on van der Meij, Almela, Buunk, Dubbs, and Salvador (2012, Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 208-212). Aggressive Behavior, 39(2), 85–7. doi:10.1002/ab.21463

Weinberg, S. M., Scott, N. M., Neiswanger, K., & Marazita, M. L. (2005). Intraobserver error associated with measurements of the hand. American Journal of Human Biology, 17(3), 368–371. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20129

Zakany, J., & Duboule, D. (2007). The role of Hox genes during vertebrate limb development. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 17(4), 359–66. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2007.05.011

Zheng, Z., & Cohn, M. J. (2011). Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(39), 16289–16294. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108312108