Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595Palabras clave:
espiritualidad, religiosidad, personalidad, big five, sexto factorResumen
El objetivode este trabajo ha sido evaluar en nuestro contexto, si la espiritualidad emerge como un factor diferente dentro del modelo de los Big Five. A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico, participaron 186 sujetos de entre 18 y 28 años, de la ciudad de Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de dos análisis factoriales muestran que los aspectos vinculados a la espiritualidad y la religiosidad, con excepción de la sub dimensión conexión,conformaron un factor independiente y no redundante con el modelo de los Big Five. Estos hallazgos permiten evaluar el rol de la espiritualidad y religiosidad dentro de una teoría de la personalidad que incluyendo este importante aspecto brinde una mirada más holística en la comprensión de las diferencias individuales en torno a la personalidad humana.
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Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. En P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.) Life span development and behaviour. (3rd. ed.) (pp. 65-102). New York: Academic Press.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Cupani, M., Sánchez, D. A., Gross, M., Chiepa, J., & Dean, R. (2013). El modelo de los cinco factores y su relación con los trastornos de personalidad. Revista Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(2), 31-46.
Depaula, P. D., & Azzollini, S. C. (2013). Análisis del modelo Big Five de la personalidad como predictor de la inteligencia cultural. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 5(1), 35-43.
De las Heras, J. (2010). Conoce tu personalidad: Por qué eres como eres. Madrid: La esfera de los libros.
Eysenck, H. J. (1976). The measurement of personality. London: University Park Press. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-6168-8
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.00 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assesment, 4, 26-42. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26
Hampson, S. (Ed.) (2000). Advances in Personality Psychology (Vol. 1). London: Psychology Press.
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Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1), 51-77. doi: 10.1111/1468-5914.00119
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Koenig, H. G. (2008). Medicine, religion, and health: Where science and spirituality meet. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Templeton Foundation Press.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Carson, V. B. (2001). Handbook of Religion and Health. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Larsen, R. J., & Buss D. M. (2005). Psicología de la personalidad: dominios de conocimiento sobre la naturaleza humana. México: McGraw Hill.
Lorenzo Seva, U., & Ferrando Piera, P.J. (2012). Manual of the Program FACTOR. Recuperado de http://psico. fcep.urv.es/utilitats/factor/
MacDonald, D. A. (2000). Spirituality: Description, measurement, and relation to the five factor model of personality. Journal of personality, 68(1), 153-197. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.t01-1-00094
Maltby, J., Day, L., & Macaskill, A. (2013). Personality, individual differences and intelligence. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (2004). Trastornos de la personalidad: más allá del DSM-IV. Barcelona: Masson.
Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer-nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985- 1013. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00080
Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 4-14.
Piedmont, R. L. (2004). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual. Baltimore: Author.
Piedmont, R. L. (2007). The relations among spirituality and religiosity and Axis II functioning in two college samples. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 53-73. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.24
Piedmont, R. L. (2008). A psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale: short form. Research in the Social Study of Religion, 19, 163-182. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004166462.i-299.55
Piedmont, R. L. (2009). The contribution of religiousness and spirituality to subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life. En M. de Souza, L. J. Francis, J. O'Higgins-Norman, & D. G. Scott (Eds.). International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing (pp. 89-105). London: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9_6
Piedmont, R. L., & Leach, M. M. (2002). Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(12), 1888-1901. doi: 10.1177/0002764202045012011
Piedmont, R. L., Ciarrochi, J. W., Dy-Liacco, G., & Williams, J. E. (2009). The empirical and conceptual value of the Spiritual Trascendent and Religious Involvement Scales for personality Research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 162-179. doi: 10.1037/a0015883
Piedmont, R. L., & Wilkins, T. A. (2013). The role of personality in understanding religious and spiritual constructs. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed.) (pp. 292-311). New York: The Guilford press.
Richaud de Minzi, M.C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2001, octubre). Adaptación Argentina del NEO PI R (Comunicación Libre).V Jornadas de Integración Psicológica. Universidad Adventista del Plata. Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos.
Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2004). Diferencias entre el español y el argentino en el Neo Pi R: su influencia sobre la validez constructiva. Psicodiagnosticar, 13, 27-45.
Robins, R. W., Fraley, R. C., & Krueger, R. F. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
Saroglou, V. (2014). Introduction: Studying religion in personality and social psychology. En V. Saroglou (Ed.) Religion, personality, and social behavior. (pp.1-28). New York: Psychology Press. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9598-1
Simkin, H. (2017). Adaptación y Validación al Español de la Escala de Evaluación de Espiritualidad y Sentimientos Religiosos (ASPIRES): la trascendencia espiritual en el modelo de los cinco factores. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.aeee
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate analysis. (6a ed.) Reino Unido: Pearson New International Edition.
Tornimbeni, S., Pérez, E., Olaz, F., de Kohan, N. C., Fernández, A., & Cupani, M. (2008). Introducción a la psicometría. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Tupes, E.C. & Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. USAF ASD Tech. Rep. nº 61-97. Lackland Air Force Base, TX: U.S. Air Force. (reeditado en: Journal of Personality, 1992, 60(2).
Weaver, A. J., Pargament, K. I., Flanelly, K. J., & Oppenheimer, J. E. (2006) Trends in the Scientific Study of Religion, Spirituality, and Health: 1965–2000. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 208-214. doi: 10.1007/s10943-006-9011-3
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological methodology, 8, 84-136. doi: 10.2307/270754
Yang, Y.-J., & Chiu, C. (2009). Mapping the structure and dynamics of psychological knowledge: Forty years of APA journal citations (1970– 2009). Review of General Psychology, 13, 349–356. doi:10.1037/a0017195
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 879-919. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00077
Benet-Martínez, V., Donnellan, M. B., Fleeson, W., Fraley, R. C., Gosling, S. D., King, L. A., Robin R. W., & Funder, D. C. (2015). Six visions for the future of personality psychology. En M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver (Eds.) APA handbook of personality and social psychology. (pp. 665-689). American Psychological Association.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Browner, M.W., & Crudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. En K.A. Bollen & J.S. Long (Eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park: Sage.
Cattell, R. B. (1950). Personality a systematic theoretical and factual study. New York: McGraw Hill. doi: 10.1037/10773-000
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. En P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.) Life span development and behaviour. (3rd. ed.) (pp. 65-102). New York: Academic Press.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Cupani, M., Sánchez, D. A., Gross, M., Chiepa, J., & Dean, R. (2013). El modelo de los cinco factores y su relación con los trastornos de personalidad. Revista Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(2), 31-46.
Depaula, P. D., & Azzollini, S. C. (2013). Análisis del modelo Big Five de la personalidad como predictor de la inteligencia cultural. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 5(1), 35-43.
De las Heras, J. (2010). Conoce tu personalidad: Por qué eres como eres. Madrid: La esfera de los libros.
Eysenck, H. J. (1976). The measurement of personality. London: University Park Press. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-6168-8
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.00 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assesment, 4, 26-42. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26
Hampson, S. (Ed.) (2000). Advances in Personality Psychology (Vol. 1). London: Psychology Press.
Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2008). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1037/1941-1022.S.1.3
Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1), 51-77. doi: 10.1111/1468-5914.00119
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Koenig, H. G. (2008). Medicine, religion, and health: Where science and spirituality meet. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Templeton Foundation Press.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Carson, V. B. (2001). Handbook of Religion and Health. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.
Larsen, R. J., & Buss D. M. (2005). Psicología de la personalidad: dominios de conocimiento sobre la naturaleza humana. México: McGraw Hill.
Lorenzo Seva, U., & Ferrando Piera, P.J. (2012). Manual of the Program FACTOR. Recuperado de http://psico. fcep.urv.es/utilitats/factor/
MacDonald, D. A. (2000). Spirituality: Description, measurement, and relation to the five factor model of personality. Journal of personality, 68(1), 153-197. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.t01-1-00094
Maltby, J., Day, L., & Macaskill, A. (2013). Personality, individual differences and intelligence. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (2004). Trastornos de la personalidad: más allá del DSM-IV. Barcelona: Masson.
Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer-nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985- 1013. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00080
Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 4-14.
Piedmont, R. L. (2004). Assessment of spirituality and religious sentiments, technical manual. Baltimore: Author.
Piedmont, R. L. (2007). The relations among spirituality and religiosity and Axis II functioning in two college samples. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 53-73. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.24
Piedmont, R. L. (2008). A psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) Scale: short form. Research in the Social Study of Religion, 19, 163-182. doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004166462.i-299.55
Piedmont, R. L. (2009). The contribution of religiousness and spirituality to subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life. En M. de Souza, L. J. Francis, J. O'Higgins-Norman, & D. G. Scott (Eds.). International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing (pp. 89-105). London: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9_6
Piedmont, R. L., & Leach, M. M. (2002). Cross-cultural generalizability of the Spiritual Transcendence Scale in India: Spirituality as a universal aspect of human experience. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(12), 1888-1901. doi: 10.1177/0002764202045012011
Piedmont, R. L., Ciarrochi, J. W., Dy-Liacco, G., & Williams, J. E. (2009). The empirical and conceptual value of the Spiritual Trascendent and Religious Involvement Scales for personality Research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1(3), 162-179. doi: 10.1037/a0015883
Piedmont, R. L., & Wilkins, T. A. (2013). The role of personality in understanding religious and spiritual constructs. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed.) (pp. 292-311). New York: The Guilford press.
Richaud de Minzi, M.C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2001, octubre). Adaptación Argentina del NEO PI R (Comunicación Libre).V Jornadas de Integración Psicológica. Universidad Adventista del Plata. Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos.
Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Lemos, V., & Oros, L. (2004). Diferencias entre el español y el argentino en el Neo Pi R: su influencia sobre la validez constructiva. Psicodiagnosticar, 13, 27-45.
Robins, R. W., Fraley, R. C., & Krueger, R. F. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
Saroglou, V. (2014). Introduction: Studying religion in personality and social psychology. En V. Saroglou (Ed.) Religion, personality, and social behavior. (pp.1-28). New York: Psychology Press. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9598-1
Simkin, H. (2017). Adaptación y Validación al Español de la Escala de Evaluación de Espiritualidad y Sentimientos Religiosos (ASPIRES): la trascendencia espiritual en el modelo de los cinco factores. Universitas Psychologica, 16(2), 1-12. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy16-2.aeee
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate analysis. (6a ed.) Reino Unido: Pearson New International Edition.
Tornimbeni, S., Pérez, E., Olaz, F., de Kohan, N. C., Fernández, A., & Cupani, M. (2008). Introducción a la psicometría. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Tupes, E.C. & Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. USAF ASD Tech. Rep. nº 61-97. Lackland Air Force Base, TX: U.S. Air Force. (reeditado en: Journal of Personality, 1992, 60(2).
Weaver, A. J., Pargament, K. I., Flanelly, K. J., & Oppenheimer, J. E. (2006) Trends in the Scientific Study of Religion, Spirituality, and Health: 1965–2000. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 208-214. doi: 10.1007/s10943-006-9011-3
Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological methodology, 8, 84-136. doi: 10.2307/270754
Yang, Y.-J., & Chiu, C. (2009). Mapping the structure and dynamics of psychological knowledge: Forty years of APA journal citations (1970– 2009). Review of General Psychology, 13, 349–356. doi:10.1037/a0017195
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 879-919. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00077
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2018-05-08
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Lemos, V., & Oñate, M. E. (2018). Espiritualidad y personalidad en el marco de los Big Five. Ciencias Psicológicas, 12(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v12i1.1595
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